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fame uti

  • 1 hungern

    hungern, I) Hunger haben: esurire, nach etw., alqd. – cibi appetentem esse (Appetit haben). – fame laborare, premi (Hunger leiden). – hungernd, s. hungerig no.I. – II) sich der Speise enthalten (auch als Kur): cibo se abstinere. – ieiunium servare (nüchtern bleiben, fasten). – ieiunium interponere (eine Zeitlang Fasten eintreten lassen). – nullum cibum assumere (keine Speise nehmen, z.B. v. Kranken). – fame uti (Hunger, eine Hungerkur anwenden). – h. können, famem ferre; inediam ferre od. sustinere: jmd. h. lassen, alci alimenta subducere. alqm inediā afficere (es ihm an Speise fehlen lassen); alci inediam imperare (jmd. die Hungerkur gebrauchen lassen); alqm ieiunum habere (nüchtern lassen): jmd. einen ganzen Tag h. lassen, inediā totius diei alqm afficere: sich zu Tode h., inediā vitam finire; per inediam a vita discedere; inediā mori od. perire; se cibo abstinere atque ita interire: sich zu Tode h. wollen, mortem inediā persequi; mori inediā destinare. – Hungern, das, fames (der Hunger, w. s.). – esuritio (das Hungerhaben). – Ist es = Hungerkur, s. d.

    deutsch-lateinisches > hungern

  • 2 decet

    dĕcet, cuit, 2, v. impers. [Sanscr. dacas, fame; Gr. dokeô, to seem, think; Lat. decus, dignus]. It is seemly, comely, becoming,; it beseems, behooves, is fitting, suitable, proper (for syn. v. debeo init.):

    decere quasi aptum esse consentaneumque tempori et personae,

    Cic. Or. 22, 74; cf. also nunc quid aptum sit, hoc est, quid maxime deceat in oratione videamus, id. de Or. 3, 55, 210 (very freq. and class.; not in Caes.).—Constr., with nom. or inf. of the thing, and with acc.; less freq. with dat. of the pers.; sometimes absol.
    a.
    With nom. rei
    (α).
    and acc. pers.: Ph. Quin me aspice et contempla, ut haec (sc. vestis) me decet. Sc. Virtute formae id evenit, te ut deceat, quicquid habeas, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 16 sq.; cf.:

    quem decet muliebris ornatus, quem incessus psaltriae, Cic. Clod. fragm. 5, p. 105 ed. Beier: te toga picta decet,

    Prop. 4, 4, 53 al.; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 30; Quint. 8, 5, 28;

    and nec habitus triumphalis feminas deceat,

    id. 11, 1, 3; cf.:

    omnis Aristippum color decuit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 23:

    intonsus crinis deum,

    Tib. 1, 4, 38; cf.:

    neglecta decet multas coma,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 153; id. F. 2, 106 et saep.:

    id maxime quemque decet, quod est cujusque maxime suum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

    quod omnes et semper et ubique decet,

    Quint. 11, 1, 14:

    non si quid Pholoen satis, Et te, Chlori, decet,

    Hor. Od. 3, 15, 8 et saep.:

    qui flexus deceat miserationem,

    Quint. 1, 11, 12:

    civitatem quis deceat status,

    Hor. Od. 3, 29, 25 et saep.—In plur.:

    quem tenues decuere togae nitidique capilli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32:

    te non citharae decent,

    id. Od. 3, 15, 14:

    alba decent Cererem: vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

    Ov. F. 4, 619; id. M. 1, 457 et saep.:

    nec velle experiri, quam se aliena deceant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113; Quint. 6, 1, 25:

    illa quoque diversa bonum virum decent,

    id. 11, 1, 42 et saep.:

    duo verba uni apposita ne versum quidem decuerint,

    id. 8, 6, 43.—
    (β).
    Without acc. pers.:

    nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,

    Cic. Or. 21, 70; cf.:

    quid deceat et quid aptum sit personis,

    id. Off. 1, 34 fin.:

    casus singularis magis decuit,

    Quint. 8, 3, 20; id. 11, 3, 161 et saep.:

    idem fere in omni genere causarum et proderit et decebit,

    id. 11, 1, 14; cf. id. 9, 4, 21.—In plur.:

    ubi lepos, joci, risus, vinum, ebrietas decent,

    Plaut. Ps. prol. 20:

    cum magna pars est exhausta orationis, pene omnia decent,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147; 150; id. 11, 1, 48 et saep. —
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    istuc facinus nostro generi non decet,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 188: certa est ratio quae deceat philosopho, Apul. Flor. 3, p. 355, 13; Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 34; cf. infra. —
    b.
    With inf.
    (α).
    and acc. pers.:

    non te mihi irasci decet,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 24:

    hanc maculam nos decet effugere,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31:

    oratorem irasci minime decet,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Quint. 12, 6, 3; Ov. M. 3, 265; so freq. with inf. pass.:

    specimen naturae capi debet ex optima quaque natura,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

    mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum?

    Verg. A. 12, 797; Ter. And. prol. 16. —
    (β).
    Without acc.:

    injusta ab justis impetrare non decet,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 35:

    exemplis grandioribus decuit uti,

    Cic. Div. 1, 20; Ov. M. 8, 27:

    nunc decet caput impedire myrto: nunc et in umbrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis,

    Hor. Od. 1, 4, 9 sq.; id. Ep. 1, 17, 2; Pers. 3, 27.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    decet tantae majestati eas servare leges, quibus, etc.,

    Dig. 32, 1, 23:

    ita uti liberali esse ingenio decet,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 89:

    prima certe pensari decet populo utrum, etc.,

    Liv. 34, 58, 8.
    c.
    Absol.
    (α).
    with acc. pers.:

    ita ut vos decet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 40; cf.:

    facis, ut te decet,

    Ter. Andr. 2, 5, 10; id. Heaut. 5, 5, 10:

    ita uti fortes decet milites,

    id. Eun. 4, 7, 44; cf.: id. Andr. 2, 6, 14:

    illum decet,

    Quint. 9, 4, 15 et saep.—
    (β).
    Without case:

    eia haud sic decet,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 35; cf. id. Hec. 2, 2, 10:

    fecisti ut decuerat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 66:

    minus severe quam decuit,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1:

    velata parte oris, quia sic decebat,

    it was becoming, Tac. A. 13, 45:

    nihil aliter ac deceat,

    id. Att. 6, 3, 8: perge;

    decet,

    Verg. A. 12, 153 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    ita nobis decet,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; id. Heaut. 5, 2, 12:

    locum editiorem quam victoribus decebat,

    Sall. H. 1, 98 (Serv. Verg. A. 8, 127.)— Hence, dĕcens, entis, P. a. (freq. in Hor., Ov., and post-Aug. prose, esp. Quint.; not in Verg.; in Cic. once adverbially, and cf. decentia), seemly, becoming, decent, proper, fit:

    amictus,

    Ov. Pont. 2, 5, 52; cf.:

    decentior amictus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 156;

    and sinus (togae) decentissimus,

    id. 11, 3, 140:

    ornatus,

    id. 2, 15, 21:

    motus,

    Hor. Od. 4, 13, 17; Quint. 1, 10, 26; cf.:

    corporis decens et accommodatus orationi motus,

    id. 11, 3, 29;

    and allevatio atque contractio humerorum,

    id. 11, 3, 83:

    decentissimum sponsalium genus,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 9 et saep.:

    quid verum atque decens,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

    decentius erit servare pudorem,

    Quint. 11, 1, 78; cf. 8, 6, 6.—
    2.
    Esp. of corporeal fitness and symmetry, regularly, symmetrically, handsomely shaped; well-formed; noble:

    forma,

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 9; cf.:

    habitus decentior quam sublimior,

    Tac. Agr. 44:

    facies,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 33:

    malae,

    Hor. Od. 3, 27, 53:

    Venus,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 6; cf.:

    Cynthia,

    Prop. 4, 8, 52 (5, 8, 52 M.):

    Gratiae,

    Hor. Od. 1, 4, 6:

    (Paullus) et nobilis et decens,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 13: pulcher et decens toto corpore, Suct. Dom. 18; cf. Juv. 6, 161:

    sumptis decentior armis Minerva,

    Ov. H. 5, 35; Quint. 8, 3, 10 et saep.— Adv.: decenter (acc. to no. 1), becomingly, decently, properly, fitly:

    fictis nominibus decenter uti,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 5; cf.:

    fieri,

    Quint. 11, 1, 79:

    singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter,

    Hor. A. P. 92; cf.:

    maesta,

    Ov. Am. 2, 5, 44.— Comp.: Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 216; Quint. 9, 1, 21 al.— Sup., a false reading for diligentissime, Cic. Caes. 26, 74.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decet

  • 3 fides

    1.
    fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

    that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

    fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

    to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

    ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

    to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

    quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

    id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

    si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

    me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

    cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

    (fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

    id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

    ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

    cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

    cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

    fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

    Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

    testimonio fidem tribuere,

    id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

    Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

    id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

    id. Or. 34, 120:

    si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

    id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

    constituere fidem,

    id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

    quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

    id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

    aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

    so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

    App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

    Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

    assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

    fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

    evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

    mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

    cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

    Suet. Vesp. 7:

    male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

    quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

    Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

    alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

    id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

    omnibus abrogatur fides,

    id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

    quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

    Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

    imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

    multa fidem promissa levant,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

    ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

    Tac. G. 3 fin. —
    B.
    In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

    cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

    scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    fides de foro sublata erat,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    labefacta jam fide,

    credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

    pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

    Sall. C. 24, 2:

    non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

    Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

    fidem abrogare,

    id. 6, 41, 11:

    fidemque remque, perdere,

    credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

    res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

    nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

    Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—
    2.
    Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    segetis certa fides meae,

    i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

    at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

    Tib. 2, 3, 62:

    fallax fides unius anni,

    Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

    quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 25.
    II.
    Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.
    A.
    The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.
    1.
    In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

    fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

    justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

    id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

    meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

    fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

    homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

    exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

    esse summa probitate ac fide,

    id. ib. 3, 17:

    vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

    id. ib. 3, 17:

    quorum fides est laudata,

    id. ib. 2, 36:

    quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

    id. ib. 2, 14:

    unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    aequitas et fides,

    id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

    si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

    id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

    quanta fide, quanta religione,

    id. Font. 6, 13:

    hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

    mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

    pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

    in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

    id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

    in fide manere,

    id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

    sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

    Liv. 40, 34, 11:

    si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

    praestare fidem,

    id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

    te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

    de pace cum fide agere,

    Liv. 32, 33, 10:

    jussas cum fide poenas luam,

    Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

    haecne marita fides?

    Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

    Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

    faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

    perjura patris fides,

    perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

    fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

    Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

    fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

    id. 166.—
    b.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things:

    nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

    trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

    nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

    id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

    visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

    qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

    truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

    aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

    id. 5, 7, 36:

    probationum,

    id. 4 praef. §

    6: liber spectatae fidei,

    Gell. 1, 7, 1:

    paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

    in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—
    c.
    In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

    dicta fides sequitur,

    Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

    res dicta secuta est,

    id. ib. 4, 550):

    vota fides sequitur,

    id. ib. 8, 713:

    promissa exhibuere fidem,

    were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

    en haec promissa fides est?

    is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—
    2.
    In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

    arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

    fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

    bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

    Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

    ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

    Dig. 41, 3, 24:

    tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

    i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

    bonā fide = certissime,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

    mala fide,

    Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—
    B.
    An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.
    1.
    In gen.:

    fide data, credamus,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

    atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

    fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

    id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

    Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

    inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

    obligare fidem alicui,

    to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

    fidem reliquis interponere,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

    fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

    diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

    si fidem mecum servas,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

    tecum servavi fidem,

    id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

    fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

    fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

    Liv. 24, 4, 5:

    servata erga Galbam,

    Tac. H. 1, 71:

    in regem suum servata,

    Curt. 6, 5, 2:

    ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

    Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

    fidem alicui praestare,

    Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    non servata fides deditis est,

    Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

    fidem suam liberare,

    to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

    fidem alicujus liberare,

    id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

    fidem exsolvere,

    Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

    fidem frangere,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

    for which violare, v. above,

    id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

    fidem amittere,

    Nep. Eum. 10:

    istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

    contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

    confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—
    2.
    Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

    introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

    promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

    post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

    Sall. C. 47, 1:

    cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

    id. ib. 48, 4:

    uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

    id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

    privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

    id. ib. fin.:

    qui Romam fide publica venerat,

    id. ib. 35, 7; so,

    too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

    Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

    fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

    Liv. 38, 33, 3:

    Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

    se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

    quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

    id. ib. 33, 93:

    aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

    Liv. 38, 31, 2:

    frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

    Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

    se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

    in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

    in fide alicujus esse,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

    ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

    id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

    civitas in Catonis fide locata,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    recipere aliquid in fidem,

    id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

    aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

    id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

    recipere aliquem in fidem,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

    hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

    id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

    di, obsecro vostram fidem!

    your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

    fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

    Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

    deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

    so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

    by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

    tuam fidem, Venus!

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

    pro deum atque hominum fidem!

    id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

    for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

    and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

    id. Lael. 15, 52;

    also simply pro deum fidem,

    Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

    per fidem!

    Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—
    C.
    The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

    domicilium fidei,

    Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.
    III.
    Fides, personified as a goddess:

    praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.
    2.
    fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

    (hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

    so different from nervi,

    id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

    ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

    with tibiae,

    Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

    Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

    Verg. A. 6, 120:

    fidibus cantare alicui,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

    fidibus canere praeclare,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

    uti,

    id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

    dicere longum melos,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

    placare deos,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

    discere,

    Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

    docere aliquem,

    id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

    scire,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

    vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

    fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

    i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—
    (β).
    Sing. ( poet.):

    sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

    Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

    Teïa,

    Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

    Cyllenea,

    id. Epod. 13, 9:

    quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

    id. C. 1, 24, 14.—
    2.
    Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—
    B.
    Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

    cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

    Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

    in the form Fidis,

    Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—
    * II.
    Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

    quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

    Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fides

  • 4 deficio

    dē-ficio, fēcī, fectum, ere (de u. facio), eig. wegmachen, I) intr. oder refl., sich weg-, fortmachen, u. zwar: A) eine Verbindung trennend = sich losmachen, abtrünnig od. untreu werden, a) im polit. Sinne (Ggstz. in fide manere, ad officium redire), defecerat Samus, descierat Hellespontus, Nep.: ne cuncta Gallia deficeret, Caes.: ut civitates eius insulae, quae semel in amicitiam nostram venissent, numquam postea deficerent, Cic. – ne civitas eorum impulsu (auf ihren Antrieb) deficeret, Caes.: iam nonnullae insulae propter acerbitatem imperii defecerant, Nep: – ne Apulia omnis ad (bei) praesentem terrorem deficeret, Liv.: ne illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum (bei der Aussicht auf die Fr. der R.) deficerent, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl., selten m. bl. Abl.von wem? deficientes a fide societatis Lacedaemonii, Iustin.: qui (Tissaphernes) ab amicitia regis defecerat, Nep.: ceteri qui unā cum illo a re publica defecerunt, Cic.: consules a senatu, a re publica, a bonis omnibus defecerant, Cic.: numquam isti populi, nisi cum deerit ad quem desciscant, ab nobis non deficient, Liv.: animadvertit non modo Romae sed ubique cotidie magnam multitudinem deficere a cultu idolorum et ad religionem novam damnatā vetustate transire, Lact. – illis legibus (von den G.) populus Romanus prior non deficiet (wird nicht abgehen); si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tum etc., alte Eidesformel b. Liv. 1, 24, 7 sq. – m. ad u. Akk., defecere ad Poenos hi populi, Liv.: post victoriam maior pars Asiae ad eum defecit, Iustin.: qui primus a patribus ad plebem defecisset, Liv.: Athenienses et Thebanos ab eo ad Persas defecisse, Iustin. – b) moral. od. intellektuell: si a virtute defeceris, Cic.: ut a me ipse deficerem (mir selbst untreu würde), Cic.: si plane a nobis deficis (von unserer Ansicht), Cic.: si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic.

    B) abnehmend, schwindend sich wegmachen od. wegbleiben, abnehmen, abfallen, ausgehen, ausbleiben, aufhören, a) dem Umfange, der Größe, Höhe nach, v. Monde, abnehmen (Ggstz. crescere), eadem autem, quae crescente lunā gliscunt, deficiente contra defiunt, Gell. 20, 8, 5. – v. Sonne u. Tag, untergehen, sich neigen, erlöschen, quā venit (deus = sol) exoriens, quā deficit, Prop.: ubi dies deficit, ibi noctem agunt, Mela: die iam deficiente, Petron. – v. Sonne u. Mond, sich verfinstern, quod navigantibus eis sol defecerat (eine Sonnenfinsternis eingetreten war), Iustin.: solem lunae oppositu solere deficere, Cic.: luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, Cic.: sol deficiens, Cic.: luna deficiens, Curt.: rationes veras solis et lunae deficientium scire, Gell. – v. Feuer u. Licht, ab-, ausgehen, erlöschen, ubi ignem deficere extremum videbat, Verg. Aen. 9, 352 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 2, 505, s. no. b): quoties defecerat lumen, renovabat, Petron. 111, 4. – v. Gewässern, abnehmen, zurücktreten, sich verlieren (Ggstz. crescere, increscere, exuberare, exaestuare), fons meridie semper deficit; mox increscens ad medium noctis exuberat, ab eo rursus sensim deficit, Plin.: stagnum incertae altitudinis, utcumque exaestuat aut deficit mare, flutet od. ebbet, Liv. – v. Quellen u. Flüssen, ausbleiben, versiegen, deficiunt laesi carmine (durch Zauberspruch) fontis aquae, Ov.: Euphrates nusquam manifesto exitu effluit, ut alii amnes, sed deficit, Mela. – v. der Welt, untergehen (Ggstz. nasci), s. Quint. 5, 10, 79. – v. Befestigungswerken, weichen, nachgeben, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 12.

    b) der Ausdehnung in die Länge nach, aufhören, quā deficit ignis (wohin das Feuer nicht gedrungen ist), Verg. Aen. 2, 505 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 9, 352, s. oben no. a): quoniam talis semper figura mucrone deficiat, Plin.: gestatio buxo aut rore marino, ubi deficit buxus, ambitur, Plin. ep. – bes. v. Örtl., deficiunt silvae, Ov.: ultima pars aulae deficientis erat, Mart.: in deficiente iam porticu, Petron.

    c) der Menge, Zahl, dem Inhalte nach, abnehmen, auf die Neige gehen, nicht (mehr) ausreichen, ausgehen, mangeln, fehlen, α) übh. (Ggstz. crescere, superare): non materia, non frumentum deficere poterat, Caes.: fructus (al. frons) ex arboribus deficiebat, Caes.: postquam inter arenas radices quoque et herbae defecerant, Sen.: pabulo circa deficiente, Plin.: aqua etiam defecerat, Curt.: cum eius generis (an derart Leuten) copia deficeret, Caes.: non deficiente crumenā (mit hinreichenden Mitteln), Hor. ep. 1, 4, 11: deficiente crumenā et crescente, Iuven. 11, 38: utrum superans an deficiens materia (Körpersäfte) laeserit, Cels.: si vel superans aliquid vel deficiens (ein Übermaß od. ein Mangel) adversam valetudinem creet, Cels.: si lacrimae deficient, Ov. – v. Abstr., nec vero levitatis Atheniensium exempla deficiunt, Cic.: deficit non voluntas, sed spes, Cic.: quod mihi consuevit in ceteris causis esse adiumento, id quoque in hac causa deficit, Cic. – v. Pers., cum esset Demosthenes, multi oratores magni et clari fuerunt et ante fuerant nec postea defecerunt, Cic. or. 6: Pygmaei, minutum genus, et quod pro satis frugibus contra grues dimicando defecit (ausgegangen ist), Mela 3, 8, 8 (3. § 81). – Insbes. als jurist. t. t., α) v. Rechtsfällen = wegfallen, in Wegfall kommen, keine Anwendung finden, nicht stattfinden od. -haben, nicht eintreten, zB. deficit actio, ICt.: deficit interdictum, ICt. – β) prägn., v. Pers., in Vermögensverfall kommen, verarmen, bankrott-, zahlungsunfähig werden, nisi principales debitores defecerint, Callistr. dig. 49, 14, 3. § 8: deficit Matho, Iuven. 7, 129 (vgl. unten no. II defici facultatibus, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in.).

    d) der Zeitdauer nach, nicht ausreichen, zu kurz sein, dies deficiat, si velim numerare, quibus bonis male evenerit, Cic.: dies deficiat, si velim paupertatis causam defendere, Cic. (vgl. no. II, a, wo dies iam me deficiet, si etc.): si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes.: utque solebamus consumere longa loquendo tempora, sermoni (al. sermonem) deficiente die, Ov. trist. 5, 13, 27 sq.

    e) der Reihenfolge nach aufhören, erlöschen, remotus iam deficientis affinitatis gradus, Plin. pan. 39, 6: progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1.

    f) der intensiven Stärke, inneren Kraft, dem Grade nach abnehmen, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, erlahmen, ermatten, erlöschen, in Verfall kommen, dahinschwinden, sinken, erschöpft (entkräftet, abgespannt, geschwächt, gelähmt) sein od. sich fühlen, die Kraft (Kräfte) verlieren, von Kräften kommen,α) v. sächl. Subjj., u. zwar v. Körper, v. Gliedern, Körperkräften u. dgl., deficiunt corpora, Quint.: in ipso gelu deficientia corpora, Curt.: inclinatum ac deficiens caput, Curt.: id membrum, quod deficit, das gelähmte Glied, Cels.: membra deficere coeperunt, Curt.: me tenuit moriens deficiente manu, Ov.: deficiunt ad coepta manus, Ov.: quorundam adversus hostes deficit manus, Sen. rhet. – anima deficit, es tritt Ohnmacht ein, Cels.: deficientibus animis, indem die Besinnung ausging, Liv.: antequam ultimus spiritus deficeret, Curt. – ne vires deficiant, utique eo die cibum assumere debet (aeger), Cels.: quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint, Cic. – v. der Stimme u. Rede, vox iam deficere coeperat, Curt.: credo, si meis horis in accusando uti voluissem, vererer, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic.: deficiente oratione, da ihm die Worte ausgingen, Liv.: deflere dicitur ore suam deficiente necem (v. Schwan), Ov. – v. physischen Zuständen, itaque et animantes, cum calor defecerit, tum interire, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 15. – v. polit. Zuständen, bellum ibi aliquando defecit, Flor. 4, 2, 6: deficiente cotidie regis maiestate, täglich (an Ansehen) abnahm, sank, Iustin. 3, 1, 1. – v. Rechtszuständen, si cautio medio tempore defecerit, wenn die bestellte Kaution in Verfall gekommen ist (= wegen Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Schuldners nicht erfüllt werden kann), Papin. dig. 35, 1, 73. – v. geistigen u. gemütlichen Zuständen, noli ergo mirari, si pictura deficit, wenn die Malerkunst (in ihren Leistungen) sinkt (herunterkommt), Petron.: deficit ars animique cadunt, Ov.: nisi memoria (das Gedächtnis) forte defecerit, Cic.: utcumque defecere mores (Zucht u. Sitte), Hor.: cur deficiat animus (Mut)? Quint.: u. so primum animi, deinde corpora deficere coeperunt, Curt. – m. Dat. wem? mihi iam toto hic furor non deficit anno, hört auf, Prop. 1, 1, 7. – m. in u. Abl., ut id (odium) in me uno potius, quam in optimo quoque et in universa civitate deficeret, aufhörte (sich austobte), Cic. post red. ad Quir. 1; vgl. duo milia, in quibus occidendis defecerat rabies, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 17. – poet. m. folg. Infin. = nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Lucr. 1, 1040. Caes. German. Arat. 260 (vgl. unten no. β). – β) v. persönl. Subjj.: is qui deficit, der Schwache, Cels.: lassus tam cito deficis viator, Mart.: medicus si deficere aegrum non intellegit, Sen.: deficiebat elephantus, Curt.: equus deficiens procubuit, Curt.: malle eum deficere quam desinere, daß ihm eher der Atem als die Rede ausgehe, Quint.: optimus virtutis finis est antequam deficias desinere, Sen. rhet.: nec tamen illi defecerunt (ermatteten [im Forschen]) neque nos studium exquirendi defatigati relinquemus, Cic.: Ggstz. incertum est an (filii) proficiant (gedeihen), an deficiant (schwächlich werden), Augustin. in psalm. 38, 19. – m. Abl. wodurch? womit? et simul lassitudine et procedente iam die fame etiam deficere, Liv.: quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, schwach, invalid geworden waren, Caes.: neque coniuncti Albicis (mit den Alb.) comminus pugnando deficiebant, ermatteten nicht durch den Nahkampf = ließen es nicht im N. an sich fehlen, Caes. – def. totā mente, ganz von Sinnen kom men, ganz die Besinnung verlieren, Ov.: def. animo, den Mut (die Hoffnung) sinken lassen, zB. animo deficiens, ohne Hoffnung u. Trost, Lucr.: ipse animo non defecerat tanto accepto incommodo, Caes.: sin a vobis deserar, tamen animo non deficiam, Cic.: consul nec animo defecit nec consilio, dem K. ging weder der Mut noch die Einsicht ab, Liv.: non tamen defecere animis Tyrii, Curt. – def. vitā, mit dem Leben auf die Neige kommen, verscheiden, Plaut. asin. 609. – def. sanguine et spiritu, an der Verblutung verscheiden, Val. Max. 3, 2. ext. 5. – m. folg. Infin., nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Tibull. 4, 1, 191. Rutil. Lup. 2, 18 (vgl. oben no. α a. E.). – Prägn., αα) die Besinnung verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen, animo linquuntur deficiuntque, Scrib.: deficit in thalamis, Val. Flacc. – ββ) den Halt verlieren, den Mut sinken lassen, kleinmütig werden (s. Heinse Ov. her. 19, 8. Duker Flor. 2, 2, 17. Burm. Ps. Quint. decl. 339), sed tamen quam diu vos eritis in spe, non deficiam, Cic.: ne unā plagā acceptā patres conscripti concĭderent, ne deficerent, Cic.: Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, Verg.: deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus, Verg.: ne hi propter suorum paucitatem et hostium multitudinem metu (aus F.) deficerent, Auct. b. Afr.: nec defuerant qui ipsi Punici maris nomine ac terrore deficerent, Flor. – in duris (in Drangsalen) haud umquam defice, laß nicht den Mut sinken, Val. Flacc. 4, 35. – γγ) verscheiden, hinsterben, cum deficere eum amici viderent, Iustin.: paulatim defecit, Sen.: defecit prope lucem, Suet.: in ea voce defecit, Suet.: eo anno, quo ille defecit, Sulp. Sev.: voces (Äußerungen) deficientis, Tac.: momenta (Stadien) deficientis, Tac.

    g) als jurist. t. t., vom zur Erbschaft Berufenen, der sie aber nicht erwerben will od. kann, ausfallen, in Wegfall kommen, nicht in Betracht kommen, deficiente gradu nepotum, wenn die Abstufung der E. in Wegfall kommt, ICt.: is in parte quoque deficientis est heres, ICt.: deficientium partes accipere, ICt.

    II) v. tr.: a) act., jmd. verlassen = jmd. im Stiche lassen, sich jmdm. entziehen, von lebl. Subjj. auch jmdm. ausbleiben, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, dahinschwinden, jmdm. abgehen, gebrechen, für jmd. nicht ausreichen, α) v. Pers.: quoniam me Leontina civitas atque legatio propter eam quam dixi causam defecit, mihimet ineunda ratio est etc., Cic. Verr. 3, 110: genitor Phaëthontis (der Sonnengott) cum deficit orbem, sich der Welt entzieht (= sich verfinstert), Ov. met. 2, 382: Somnus (Schlaf als Gott) sollicitas deficit ante domos, Tibull. 3, 4, 20. – absol., dubiis ne defice rebus, laß (mich) nicht im Stiche, Verg. Aen. 6, 196. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: αα) m. Acc. pers.: ipsos res frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.: non eum defecit mare, sed commeatus, Mela: cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostros deficerent, Caes.: cum oppidanos iam tela, iam vires, iam ante omnia animus (Mut) deficeret, Liv.: frustra meae vitae subvenire conamini, quem iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes.: cum me vires deficere coepissent, Cic.: deficient inopem venae te, ni cibus accedet, dir Armen versiegen die Adern (versiegt die Lebenskraft), Hor.: sectantem levia (Abglättung) nervi deficiunt animique (dichterischer Geist), Hor.: ii, quos discentes vita defecit, Cic.: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si hoc nunc vociferari velim, Cic.: dies iam me deficiat, si, quae dici in eam sententiam possunt, coner expromere, Cic. (vgl. oben no. I, B, d): dies me citius defecerit quam nomina, Cic.: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic.: tempus deficiet domestica narrantem, Val. Max.: neque est periculum, ne te de re publica disserentem deficiat oratio, Cic.: omnia colligo, ut novi scribam aliquid ad te; sed, ut vides, res me ipsa deficit, Cic.: ut eorum, quae didicerimus, memoria nos deficiat, Col.: si te deficient poscendi munera causae, Ov. – dolor (Unwille) me non deficit, Cic.: si quem illa praestantis ingenii vis forte deficiet, Cic.: animus si te non deficiet aequus, Hor.: prudentia numquam deficit oratorem, Cic.: ea me solacia deficiunt, Cic.: cum motus omnis animi, tamquam ventus, hominem defecerat (sich gelegt hatte), flaccescebat oratio, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? nostros vires lassitudine deficiebant, Caes. – m. in (in, bei) u. Abl., vox eum defecit in illo loco: ›Si sciens fallo‹, Cic.: nec supersumus pugnae nisi in quibus trucidandis et ferrum et vires hostem defecerunt (den Dienst versagten), Liv.: si me in mea querimonia... non modo vires, sed etiam vita deficiat, mir ausginge, Cic.: Fonteium in hac causa deficerent omnia, Cic. – m. ad u. Akk. Gerund., quia consulem ad regendum equum vires deficiebant, Liv. – poet. m. folg. Infin., nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, ich werde nicht nachlassen (nimmer ruhen), Prop. 1, 8, 23. – ββ) m. Acc. rei: ne deficiant animum, Varro: linguam defecerat umor (Speichel), Ov.: noctes lentus non deficit umor (Tau), Verg.

    b) pass.: α) deficitur alqs od. alqd ab alqa re od. bl. alqā re, es wird jmd. od. eine Sache von etw. verlassen, im Stiche gelassen, es geht mit etw. bei jmd. auf die Neige, es verläßt jmd. etw., es bleibt od. geht jmdm. etw. aus, es ist jmd. ohne etw., es geht jmdm. od. einer Sache etw. ab, es mangelt od. gebricht jmdm. od. einer Sache an etw. (dah. Ggstz. abundat alqs od. alqd alqā re), teils v. pers. Subjj., defici a viribus, Caes.: deficior prudens artis ab arte mea, Ov.: quae (mulier) neque peperit neque gravida est, si lac habet, a menstruis defecta est, bei ihr ist die Regel ausgeblieben, Cels. – defici pecuniā, clientium turbā, nobilitate et avorum proavorumque serie, Sen.: defici non gressu modo, sed et visu, Suet.: defici copiā pabuli frumentique, Hirt. b. G.: lacte defici (v. einer Hündin), Col.: animo defici, die Besinnung verlieren, ohnmächtig werden, Curt.: auxilio defici, in einen hilflosen Zustand geraten, Scrib.: defici facultatibus, in Vermögensverfallkommen, verarmen, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in. (vgl. oben no. I, B, c aus Iuven. 7, 129): non defici extemporali facultate, Suet.: tempore deficiar, tragicos si persequar ignes, Ov.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. – m. folg. Satz m. quominus u. Konj., si memoriā deficitur, quo minus agnoscat cuiusque progeniem, Col. 7, 9, 12. – Partiz. Perf., aquā ciboque defecti, Quint.: defectus pilis, nur noch dünn behaart, Phaedr.: defectus aetatis viribus et acie oculorum, Val. Max.: defectus senio, Col.: defectus annis et desertus viribus, mit den Jahren auf der Neige, Phaedr.: u. Superl., defectissimus annis et viribus, Col. 1. prooem. § 12. – ohne Abl., colluvies defectae fidei, Apul. met. 5, 24: defectae senectutis homo, ein altersschwacher, Ulp. dig.: Plur. subst., dēfectī, ōrum, m., Schwache, Plin. 2, 28. – teils von sächl. u. abstr. Subjj., Mysiam Libyamque aiunt abundare frumentis; nec tamen Apulos Campanosque agros opimis defici segetibus, Mela: haec amoenitas deficitur aquā salienti, Plin. ep.: ut defunctorum voluntates, etiamsi iure deficerentur, quasi perfectas tuerer, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., multorum crudelitas et ambitio et luxuria, ut paria pessimis audeat, fortunae favore deficitur, Sen. ep. 42, 4. – u. Partiz. Perf., defectum corpore caput, vom Rumpfe getrennter, Plin. pan.: defecta vigore cervix, Ov.: sanguine defecti artus, verbluteten, Ov.: sol defectus lumine, Tibull.: ars nec exemplis pauperior nec oratione defectior, ermangelnder, Apul. de deo Socr. prol. p. 111 H. (p. 4, 17 G.). – β) absol., prägn., teils = an Substanz abfallen, si non terrestri cibo membra corporis alantur, deficientur (so schwinden sie zusammen), Vitr. 8. praef. § 2: teils = die Kräfte (den Atem) verlieren, ermattet-, erschöpft werden, in quo non modo defici (den Atem verlieren), sed etiam laborare (zu stocken) turpe est, Cic. Brut. 34: non usque adeo defectum (esse) Germanicum, fühle sich entkräftet, Tac. ann. 2, 70: teils deficior = es gebricht mir an Befähigung dazu, uti si quid de his rebus et artibus iudicare et probare opus fuerit ne deficiatur, Vitr. 1, 1, 16. – u. Partiz. defectus, α) als jurist. t. t., vom Schuldner im Stiche gelassen, defecta nomina, nicht mehr einzutreibende Schuldforderungen, Paul. dig. 22, 1, 11. § 1. – β) mangelhaft, currus (weil ihm die Vorstecknägel vor den Rädern fehlen), Hyg. fab. 84. – γ) abgeschwächt, schwach, im Kompar., in tumidis (speculis videntur) omnia defectiora, at contra in cavis auctiora, Apul. apol. 16. – insbes., physisch geschwächt, schwach (bes. auch altersschwach), ermattet, erschöpft (s. Heinse Ov. fast. 3, 674), v. Pers., quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem, Ov.: sidera obscura attributa defectis, den Altersschwachen, Plin.: v. Körper usw. u. v. menschl. Zuständen, defectum corpus, Tac.: homo defectae senectutis, ICt.: def. amor, Ov. – / defexit altlat. = defecerit, alte Eidesformel bei Liv. 1, 24, 8.

    lateinisch-deutsches > deficio

  • 5 deficio

    dē-ficio, fēcī, fectum, ere (de u. facio), eig. wegmachen, I) intr. oder refl., sich weg-, fortmachen, u. zwar: A) eine Verbindung trennend = sich losmachen, abtrünnig od. untreu werden, a) im polit. Sinne (Ggstz. in fide manere, ad officium redire), defecerat Samus, descierat Hellespontus, Nep.: ne cuncta Gallia deficeret, Caes.: ut civitates eius insulae, quae semel in amicitiam nostram venissent, numquam postea deficerent, Cic. – ne civitas eorum impulsu (auf ihren Antrieb) deficeret, Caes.: iam nonnullae insulae propter acerbitatem imperii defecerant, Nep: – ne Apulia omnis ad (bei) praesentem terrorem deficeret, Liv.: ne illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum (bei der Aussicht auf die Fr. der R.) deficerent, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl., selten m. bl. Abl.von wem? deficientes a fide societatis Lacedaemonii, Iustin.: qui (Tissaphernes) ab amicitia regis defecerat, Nep.: ceteri qui unā cum illo a re publica defecerunt, Cic.: consules a senatu, a re publica, a bonis omnibus defecerant, Cic.: numquam isti populi, nisi cum deerit ad quem desciscant, ab nobis non deficient, Liv.: animadvertit non modo Romae sed ubique cotidie magnam multitudinem deficere a cultu idolorum et ad religionem novam damnatā vetustate transire, Lact. – illis legibus (von den G.) populus Romanus prior non deficiet (wird nicht abgehen); si prior defexit publico consilio dolo
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    malo, tum etc., alte Eidesformel b. Liv. 1, 24, 7 sq. – m. ad u. Akk., defecere ad Poenos hi populi, Liv.: post victoriam maior pars Asiae ad eum defecit, Iustin.: qui primus a patribus ad plebem defecisset, Liv.: Athenienses et Thebanos ab eo ad Persas defecisse, Iustin. – b) moral. od. intellektuell: si a virtute defeceris, Cic.: ut a me ipse deficerem (mir selbst untreu würde), Cic.: si plane a nobis deficis (von unserer Ansicht), Cic.: si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic.
    B) abnehmend, schwindend sich wegmachen od. wegbleiben, abnehmen, abfallen, ausgehen, ausbleiben, aufhören, a) dem Umfange, der Größe, Höhe nach, v. Monde, abnehmen (Ggstz. crescere), eadem autem, quae crescente lunā gliscunt, deficiente contra defiunt, Gell. 20, 8, 5. – v. Sonne u. Tag, untergehen, sich neigen, erlöschen, quā venit (deus = sol) exoriens, quā deficit, Prop.: ubi dies deficit, ibi noctem agunt, Mela: die iam deficiente, Petron. – v. Sonne u. Mond, sich verfinstern, quod navigantibus eis sol defecerat (eine Sonnenfinsternis eingetreten war), Iustin.: solem lunae oppositu solere deficere, Cic.: luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, Cic.: sol deficiens, Cic.: luna deficiens, Curt.: rationes veras solis et lunae deficientium scire, Gell. – v. Feuer u. Licht, ab-, ausgehen, erlöschen, ubi
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    ignem deficere extremum videbat, Verg. Aen. 9, 352 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 2, 505, s. no. b): quoties defecerat lumen, renovabat, Petron. 111, 4. – v. Gewässern, abnehmen, zurücktreten, sich verlieren (Ggstz. crescere, increscere, exuberare, exaestuare), fons meridie semper deficit; mox increscens ad medium noctis exuberat, ab eo rursus sensim deficit, Plin.: stagnum incertae altitudinis, utcumque exaestuat aut deficit mare, flutet od. ebbet, Liv. – v. Quellen u. Flüssen, ausbleiben, versiegen, deficiunt laesi carmine (durch Zauberspruch) fontis aquae, Ov.: Euphrates nusquam manifesto exitu effluit, ut alii amnes, sed deficit, Mela. – v. der Welt, untergehen (Ggstz. nasci), s. Quint. 5, 10, 79. – v. Befestigungswerken, weichen, nachgeben, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 12.
    b) der Ausdehnung in die Länge nach, aufhören, quā deficit ignis (wohin das Feuer nicht gedrungen ist), Verg. Aen. 2, 505 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 9, 352, s. oben no. a): quoniam talis semper figura mucrone deficiat, Plin.: gestatio buxo aut rore marino, ubi deficit buxus, ambitur, Plin. ep. – bes. v. Örtl., deficiunt silvae, Ov.: ultima pars aulae deficientis erat, Mart.: in deficiente iam porticu, Petron.
    c) der Menge, Zahl, dem Inhalte nach, abnehmen, auf die Neige gehen, nicht (mehr) ausreichen, ausgehen, mangeln, fehlen, α) übh. (Ggstz. crescere, superare): non materia, non frumentum deficere pote-
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    rat, Caes.: fructus (al. frons) ex arboribus deficiebat, Caes.: postquam inter arenas radices quoque et herbae defecerant, Sen.: pabulo circa deficiente, Plin.: aqua etiam defecerat, Curt.: cum eius generis (an derart Leuten) copia deficeret, Caes.: non deficiente crumenā (mit hinreichenden Mitteln), Hor. ep. 1, 4, 11: deficiente crumenā et crescente, Iuven. 11, 38: utrum superans an deficiens materia (Körpersäfte) laeserit, Cels.: si vel superans aliquid vel deficiens (ein Übermaß od. ein Mangel) adversam valetudinem creet, Cels.: si lacrimae deficient, Ov. – v. Abstr., nec vero levitatis Atheniensium exempla deficiunt, Cic.: deficit non voluntas, sed spes, Cic.: quod mihi consuevit in ceteris causis esse adiumento, id quoque in hac causa deficit, Cic. – v. Pers., cum esset Demosthenes, multi oratores magni et clari fuerunt et ante fuerant nec postea defecerunt, Cic. or. 6: Pygmaei, minutum genus, et quod pro satis frugibus contra grues dimicando defecit (ausgegangen ist), Mela 3, 8, 8 (3. § 81). – Insbes. als jurist. t. t., α) v. Rechtsfällen = wegfallen, in Wegfall kommen, keine Anwendung finden, nicht stattfinden od. -haben, nicht eintreten, zB. deficit actio, ICt.: deficit interdictum, ICt. – β) prägn., v. Pers., in Vermögensverfall kommen, verarmen, bankrott-, zahlungsunfähig werden, nisi principales debitores defecerint, Callistr. dig. 49, 14, 3. § 8: deficit Matho, Iuven. 7, 129 (vgl. unten no. II defici fa-
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    cultatibus, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in.).
    d) der Zeitdauer nach, nicht ausreichen, zu kurz sein, dies deficiat, si velim numerare, quibus bonis male evenerit, Cic.: dies deficiat, si velim paupertatis causam defendere, Cic. (vgl. no. II, a, wo dies iam me deficiet, si etc.): si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes.: utque solebamus consumere longa loquendo tempora, sermoni (al. sermonem) deficiente die, Ov. trist. 5, 13, 27 sq.
    e) der Reihenfolge nach aufhören, erlöschen, remotus iam deficientis affinitatis gradus, Plin. pan. 39, 6: progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1.
    f) der intensiven Stärke, inneren Kraft, dem Grade nach abnehmen, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, erlahmen, ermatten, erlöschen, in Verfall kommen, dahinschwinden, sinken, erschöpft (entkräftet, abgespannt, geschwächt, gelähmt) sein od. sich fühlen, die Kraft (Kräfte) verlieren, von Kräften kommen,α) v. sächl. Subjj., u. zwar v. Körper, v. Gliedern, Körperkräften u. dgl., deficiunt corpora, Quint.: in ipso gelu deficientia corpora, Curt.: inclinatum ac deficiens caput, Curt.: id membrum, quod deficit, das gelähmte Glied, Cels.: membra deficere coeperunt, Curt.: me tenuit moriens deficiente manu, Ov.: deficiunt ad coepta manus, Ov.: quorundam adversus hostes deficit manus, Sen. rhet. – anima deficit, es
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    tritt Ohnmacht ein, Cels.: deficientibus animis, indem die Besinnung ausging, Liv.: antequam ultimus spiritus deficeret, Curt. – ne vires deficiant, utique eo die cibum assumere debet (aeger), Cels.: quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint, Cic. – v. der Stimme u. Rede, vox iam deficere coeperat, Curt.: credo, si meis horis in accusando uti voluissem, vererer, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic.: deficiente oratione, da ihm die Worte ausgingen, Liv.: deflere dicitur ore suam deficiente necem (v. Schwan), Ov. – v. physischen Zuständen, itaque et animantes, cum calor defecerit, tum interire, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 15. – v. polit. Zuständen, bellum ibi aliquando defecit, Flor. 4, 2, 6: deficiente cotidie regis maiestate, täglich (an Ansehen) abnahm, sank, Iustin. 3, 1, 1. – v. Rechtszuständen, si cautio medio tempore defecerit, wenn die bestellte Kaution in Verfall gekommen ist (= wegen Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Schuldners nicht erfüllt werden kann), Papin. dig. 35, 1, 73. – v. geistigen u. gemütlichen Zuständen, noli ergo mirari, si pictura deficit, wenn die Malerkunst (in ihren Leistungen) sinkt (herunterkommt), Petron.: deficit ars animique cadunt, Ov.: nisi memoria (das Gedächtnis) forte defecerit, Cic.: utcumque defecere mores (Zucht u. Sitte), Hor.: cur deficiat animus (Mut)? Quint.: u. so primum animi, deinde corpora deficere coeperunt,
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    Curt. – m. Dat. wem? mihi iam toto hic furor non deficit anno, hört auf, Prop. 1, 1, 7. – m. in u. Abl., ut id (odium) in me uno potius, quam in optimo quoque et in universa civitate deficeret, aufhörte (sich austobte), Cic. post red. ad Quir. 1; vgl. duo milia, in quibus occidendis defecerat rabies, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 17. – poet. m. folg. Infin. = nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Lucr. 1, 1040. Caes. German. Arat. 260 (vgl. unten no. β). – β) v. persönl. Subjj.: is qui deficit, der Schwache, Cels.: lassus tam cito deficis viator, Mart.: medicus si deficere aegrum non intellegit, Sen.: deficiebat elephantus, Curt.: equus deficiens procubuit, Curt.: malle eum deficere quam desinere, daß ihm eher der Atem als die Rede ausgehe, Quint.: optimus virtutis finis est antequam deficias desinere, Sen. rhet.: nec tamen illi defecerunt (ermatteten [im Forschen]) neque nos studium exquirendi defatigati relinquemus, Cic.: Ggstz. incertum est an (filii) proficiant (gedeihen), an deficiant (schwächlich werden), Augustin. in psalm. 38, 19. – m. Abl. wodurch? womit? et simul lassitudine et procedente iam die fame etiam deficere, Liv.: quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, schwach, invalid geworden waren, Caes.: neque coniuncti Albicis (mit den Alb.) comminus pugnando deficiebant, ermatteten nicht durch den Nahkampf = ließen es nicht im N. an sich fehlen, Caes. – def. totā mente, ganz von Sinnen kom-
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    men, ganz die Besinnung verlieren, Ov.: def. animo, den Mut (die Hoffnung) sinken lassen, zB. animo deficiens, ohne Hoffnung u. Trost, Lucr.: ipse animo non defecerat tanto accepto incommodo, Caes.: sin a vobis deserar, tamen animo non deficiam, Cic.: consul nec animo defecit nec consilio, dem K. ging weder der Mut noch die Einsicht ab, Liv.: non tamen defecere animis Tyrii, Curt. – def. vitā, mit dem Leben auf die Neige kommen, verscheiden, Plaut. asin. 609. – def. sanguine et spiritu, an der Verblutung verscheiden, Val. Max. 3, 2. ext. 5. – m. folg. Infin., nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Tibull. 4, 1, 191. Rutil. Lup. 2, 18 (vgl. oben no. α a. E.). – Prägn., αα) die Besinnung verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen, animo linquuntur deficiuntque, Scrib.: deficit in thalamis, Val. Flacc. – ββ) den Halt verlieren, den Mut sinken lassen, kleinmütig werden (s. Heinse Ov. her. 19, 8. Duker Flor. 2, 2, 17. Burm. Ps. Quint. decl. 339), sed tamen quam diu vos eritis in spe, non deficiam, Cic.: ne unā plagā acceptā patres conscripti concĭderent, ne deficerent, Cic.: Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, Verg.: deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus, Verg.: ne hi propter suorum paucitatem et hostium multitudinem metu (aus F.) deficerent, Auct. b. Afr.: nec defuerant qui ipsi Punici maris nomine ac terrore deficerent, Flor. – in duris (in Drangsalen) haud umquam defice, laß nicht
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    den Mut sinken, Val. Flacc. 4, 35. – γγ) verscheiden, hinsterben, cum deficere eum amici viderent, Iustin.: paulatim defecit, Sen.: defecit prope lucem, Suet.: in ea voce defecit, Suet.: eo anno, quo ille defecit, Sulp. Sev.: voces (Äußerungen) deficientis, Tac.: momenta (Stadien) deficientis, Tac.
    g) als jurist. t. t., vom zur Erbschaft Berufenen, der sie aber nicht erwerben will od. kann, ausfallen, in Wegfall kommen, nicht in Betracht kommen, deficiente gradu nepotum, wenn die Abstufung der E. in Wegfall kommt, ICt.: is in parte quoque deficientis est heres, ICt.: deficientium partes accipere, ICt.
    II) v. tr.: a) act., jmd. verlassen = jmd. im Stiche lassen, sich jmdm. entziehen, von lebl. Subjj. auch jmdm. ausbleiben, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, dahinschwinden, jmdm. abgehen, gebrechen, für jmd. nicht ausreichen, α) v. Pers.: quoniam me Leontina civitas atque legatio propter eam quam dixi causam defecit, mihimet ineunda ratio est etc., Cic. Verr. 3, 110: genitor Phaëthontis (der Sonnengott) cum deficit orbem, sich der Welt entzieht (= sich verfinstert), Ov. met. 2, 382: Somnus (Schlaf als Gott) sollicitas deficit ante domos, Tibull. 3, 4, 20. – absol., dubiis ne defice rebus, laß (mich) nicht im Stiche, Verg. Aen. 6, 196. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: αα) m. Acc. pers.: ipsos res frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.: non eum defecit mare, sed commeatus, Mela:
    ————
    cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostros deficerent, Caes.: cum oppidanos iam tela, iam vires, iam ante omnia animus (Mut) deficeret, Liv.: frustra meae vitae subvenire conamini, quem iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes.: cum me vires deficere coepissent, Cic.: deficient inopem venae te, ni cibus accedet, dir Armen versiegen die Adern (versiegt die Lebenskraft), Hor.: sectantem levia (Abglättung) nervi deficiunt animique (dichterischer Geist), Hor.: ii, quos discentes vita defecit, Cic.: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si hoc nunc vociferari velim, Cic.: dies iam me deficiat, si, quae dici in eam sententiam possunt, coner expromere, Cic. (vgl. oben no. I, B, d): dies me citius defecerit quam nomina, Cic.: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic.: tempus deficiet domestica narrantem, Val. Max.: neque est periculum, ne te de re publica disserentem deficiat oratio, Cic.: omnia colligo, ut novi scribam aliquid ad te; sed, ut vides, res me ipsa deficit, Cic.: ut eorum, quae didicerimus, memoria nos deficiat, Col.: si te deficient poscendi munera causae, Ov. – dolor (Unwille) me non deficit, Cic.: si quem illa praestantis ingenii vis forte deficiet, Cic.: animus si te non deficiet aequus, Hor.: prudentia numquam deficit oratorem, Cic.: ea me solacia deficiunt, Cic.: cum motus omnis animi, tamquam ventus, hominem defecerat (sich gelegt hatte), flaccescebat oratio, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? nostros
    ————
    vires lassitudine deficiebant, Caes. – m. in (in, bei) u. Abl., vox eum defecit in illo loco: ›Si sciens fallo‹, Cic.: nec supersumus pugnae nisi in quibus trucidandis et ferrum et vires hostem defecerunt (den Dienst versagten), Liv.: si me in mea querimonia... non modo vires, sed etiam vita deficiat, mir ausginge, Cic.: Fonteium in hac causa deficerent omnia, Cic. – m. ad u. Akk. Gerund., quia consulem ad regendum equum vires deficiebant, Liv. – poet. m. folg. Infin., nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, ich werde nicht nachlassen (nimmer ruhen), Prop. 1, 8, 23. – ββ) m. Acc. rei: ne deficiant animum, Varro: linguam defecerat umor (Speichel), Ov.: noctes lentus non deficit umor (Tau), Verg.
    b) pass.: α) deficitur alqs od. alqd ab alqa re od. bl. alqā re, es wird jmd. od. eine Sache von etw. verlassen, im Stiche gelassen, es geht mit etw. bei jmd. auf die Neige, es verläßt jmd. etw., es bleibt od. geht jmdm. etw. aus, es ist jmd. ohne etw., es geht jmdm. od. einer Sache etw. ab, es mangelt od. gebricht jmdm. od. einer Sache an etw. (dah. Ggstz. abundat alqs od. alqd alqā re), teils v. pers. Subjj., defici a viribus, Caes.: deficior prudens artis ab arte mea, Ov.: quae (mulier) neque peperit neque gravida est, si lac habet, a menstruis defecta est, bei ihr ist die Regel ausgeblieben, Cels. – defici pecuniā, clientium turbā, nobilitate et avorum proavorumque serie, Sen.: defici
    ————
    non gressu modo, sed et visu, Suet.: defici copiā pabuli frumentique, Hirt. b. G.: lacte defici (v. einer Hündin), Col.: animo defici, die Besinnung verlieren, ohnmächtig werden, Curt.: auxilio defici, in einen hilflosen Zustand geraten, Scrib.: defici facultatibus, in Vermögensverfallkommen, verarmen, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in. (vgl. oben no. I, B, c aus Iuven. 7, 129): non defici extemporali facultate, Suet.: tempore deficiar, tragicos si persequar ignes, Ov.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. – m. folg. Satz m. quominus u. Konj., si memoriā deficitur, quo minus agnoscat cuiusque progeniem, Col. 7, 9, 12. – Partiz. Perf., aquā ciboque defecti, Quint.: defectus pilis, nur noch dünn behaart, Phaedr.: defectus aetatis viribus et acie oculorum, Val. Max.: defectus senio, Col.: defectus annis et desertus viribus, mit den Jahren auf der Neige, Phaedr.: u. Superl., defectissimus annis et viribus, Col. 1. prooem. § 12. – ohne Abl., colluvies defectae fidei, Apul. met. 5, 24: defectae senectutis homo, ein altersschwacher, Ulp. dig.: Plur. subst., dēfectī, ōrum, m., Schwache, Plin. 2, 28. – teils von sächl. u. abstr. Subjj., Mysiam Libyamque aiunt abundare frumentis; nec tamen Apulos Campanosque agros opimis defici segetibus, Mela: haec amoenitas deficitur aquā salienti, Plin. ep.: ut defunctorum voluntates, etiamsi iure deficerentur, quasi perfectas tuerer, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., mul-
    ————
    torum crudelitas et ambitio et luxuria, ut paria pessimis audeat, fortunae favore deficitur, Sen. ep. 42, 4. – u. Partiz. Perf., defectum corpore caput, vom Rumpfe getrennter, Plin. pan.: defecta vigore cervix, Ov.: sanguine defecti artus, verbluteten, Ov.: sol defectus lumine, Tibull.: ars nec exemplis pauperior nec oratione defectior, ermangelnder, Apul. de deo Socr. prol. p. 111 H. (p. 4, 17 G.). – β) absol., prägn., teils = an Substanz abfallen, si non terrestri cibo membra corporis alantur, deficientur (so schwinden sie zusammen), Vitr. 8. praef. § 2: teils = die Kräfte (den Atem) verlieren, ermattet-, erschöpft werden, in quo non modo defici (den Atem verlieren), sed etiam laborare (zu stocken) turpe est, Cic. Brut. 34: non usque adeo defectum (esse) Germanicum, fühle sich entkräftet, Tac. ann. 2, 70: teils deficior = es gebricht mir an Befähigung dazu, uti si quid de his rebus et artibus iudicare et probare opus fuerit ne deficiatur, Vitr. 1, 1, 16. – u. Partiz. defectus, α) als jurist. t. t., vom Schuldner im Stiche gelassen, defecta nomina, nicht mehr einzutreibende Schuldforderungen, Paul. dig. 22, 1, 11. § 1. – β) mangelhaft, currus (weil ihm die Vorstecknägel vor den Rädern fehlen), Hyg. fab. 84. – γ) abgeschwächt, schwach, im Kompar., in tumidis (speculis videntur) omnia defectiora, at contra in cavis auctiora, Apul. apol. 16. – insbes., physisch geschwächt, schwach (bes. auch
    ————
    altersschwach), ermattet, erschöpft (s. Heinse Ov. fast. 3, 674), v. Pers., quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem, Ov.: sidera obscura attributa defectis, den Altersschwachen, Plin.: v. Körper usw. u. v. menschl. Zuständen, defectum corpus, Tac.: homo defectae senectutis, ICt.: def. amor, Ov. – ⇒ defexit altlat. = defecerit, alte Eidesformel bei Liv. 1, 24, 8.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > deficio

  • 6 VINNA

    * * *
    I)
    (vinn; vann, unnum, unninn), v.
    1) to work, labour, do work (Ásmundr vildi lítit vinna);
    vinna á akri ok plœgja, to work in the field and plough;
    2) to work, till, cultivate (vinna akr, jörðina);
    3) to work, perform, do;
    vinna verk sin, to do one’s work;
    þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;
    þér hafið mikit stórvirki unnit, ye have done a great deed;
    vinna eið, sœri, to take an oath;
    vinna bœtr á e-u, to redress;
    vinna e-m beinleika, beina, to show hospitality to one;
    vinna e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death, to one;
    vinna e-m úsœmd, to bring shame, disgrace on one;
    vinna e-m bót (illt), to do one good (harm);
    vinna e-m hefnd, to take revenge on;
    4) vinna e-m, to wait upon, attend to, tend (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum);
    5) to win, gain;
    vinna orrustu, sigr, to gain a battle, victory;
    vinna sigr á e-m, to obtain a victory over, defeat, one;
    6) to win, conquer (vinna land, borgir, skip);
    vinna e-t aptr, to recover by conquest, reconquer (vinna aptr þat ríki, er látit er);
    7) to overcome, master, get the better of (þeir ætla, at þeim muni illa sœkjast at vinna oss);
    8) to avail (veit ek eigi, hvat þat vinnr);
    e-t vinnr e-m þörf, it suffices, is sufficient for one (þörf vinnr hverjum presti at segja eina messu);
    vinna e-m at fullu, to be quite sufficient for one, do away with, kill (tók hann sótt þá, er honum vann at fullu);
    9) to withstand, with dat., = vinna við e-u;
    sköpum viðr (= vinnr) manngi, no man can withstand his fate;
    10) followed by an a. or pp., to make (vinna e-n sáran, reiðan, barðan, felldan);
    vann hann yfirkominn Harald, he succeeded in vanquishing H.;
    vinna hefnt, to take revenge;
    vinna annat, to prove;
    11) to reach (smíðuðu einn stöpul, þann er þeir ætluðu at vinna skyldi til himins);
    12) with preps., vinna at e-u, to be busy with (vinna at heyi);
    vinna at svínum, sauðfé, to tend swine, sheep;
    fá ekki at unnit, to effect nothing (ekki munu þér fá at unnit svá búit);
    vinna at e-m, to do away with, kill (þat var markat á tjaldinu, at Sigurðr vann at Fáfni);
    vinna e-t á, to do, effect (höfum vér mikit á unnit í várri ferð);
    vinna á e-m, to do one bodily injury, = vinna áverka á e-m (með þann hug at vinna á Gunnari);
    vinna e-t til e-s, to do one thing in order to obtain or effect another (vildi hann vinna þat til sættar með þeim brœðrum);
    þat vil ek til vinna, that I am ready to do;
    vinna til e-s, to make oneself worthy of, deserve (vinna til dauða);
    vinna til fjár ok frægðar, to act so as to gain money and fame;
    vinna við e-u, to withstand (mátti hann ok eigi við sköpum vinna né sínu aldrlagi);
    vinna e-n yfir, to overcome;
    13) refl., vinnast, to last, suffice;
    meðan dagrinn vannst, as long as the day lasted;
    Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannst, to the end of the island;
    festrin vannst eigi til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to touch the ground;
    þar sátu konur úti frá sem vannst, as there was room;
    ek vinnst eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward thee;
    ekki unnust þau mjök fyrir, they did little to support themselves;
    recipr., vinnast á, to wound one another.
    f. work, labour;
    vera at vinnu, to be at work.
    * * *
    pres. vinn, vinnr, older viðr, Gkv. 2. 30, Fms. vii. 239 (in a verse), Edda i. 492, Am. 45, Ad. 21, etc.; pret. vann, vannt (mod. vanst), vann; pl. unnu; subj. ynni; imperat. vinn; part. unninn (vunnu, vynni, vunninn): with suffixed pers. pron. vinn’k, Hm. 158; vann’k, Bkv. 2. 26: pres. reflex. vinnz, Grág. (Kb.) i. 3, 85, 86: pret. vannz, Stj. 131, and passim: with suffixed neg. vant-attu, thou workedest not, Hkv. 2. 20; plur. vinna-t, 2. 21; [Ulf. winnan = πάσχειν, ὀδυνασθαι; A. S., O. H. G., and Hel. winnan; Engl. win; Dan. vinde; Swed. vinna.]
    A. To work, labour, of any household work, as also in a wider sense; fasta ok vinna til nóns, Dipl. ii. 14; hann var félauss ok vann til matar sér, worked for his food, 656 C. 24; þessi er svá röskliga vann, worked so well, Nj. 270; þat verðr hverr at vinna sem ætlað er, 10; vinna hvárt er vill, to do whichever he will, Grág. (Kb.) i. 99; eiga sem mest at vinna, to be very busy, Nj. 97; Ásmuudr vildi lítið vinna, would not work, Grett. 90; þrællinn vann allt þat er hann vildi … at honum þætti þrællinn lítið vinna, Nj. 73; hvat er þér hentast at vinna (?), 54; vinna verk sín, to do one’s work, Eg. 759; vinna e-m beinleika, beina, reiðu, to do one service, attend on him as a guest, Fs. 52, MS. 623. 52, 54: ellipt., vinna e-m, to wait upon, tend; bað hana vinna þeim hjónum, Ld. 34.
    2. to work, till, cultivate; þeim manni er jörðina vinnr ok erviðar, Stj. 30; vinnit hana (the earth) ok plægit, 187.
    II. to work, perform; nú hefir þú þat unnit er þú munt eigi með feðr mínum lengr vera, Nj. 129; vinna e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death to, 253, Fbr. (in a verse), Korm. 116; v. e-m úsæmd, Fs. 32; vinna e-m bót, to do good; er mörgum manni vann bót þeim er aðrar mein-vættir görðu mein, Landn. 211, Hkr. iii. 69; vinna bætr á e-u, to redress. Eg. 519; vinna e-m hefnd, to take revenge on: of feats, prowess, deeds, hvat vanntú meðan (?), Hbl.; keisari vann þar mikinn hernað, Fms. xi. 301; herja ok vinna margs kyns frægðar-verk, … af stórverkjum þeim er hann vann, x. 231, 232.
    2. to win, gain; vann hann aptr borgir ok kastala, Fms. x. 231; vita ef ek mega aptr vinna þat ríki er látið er, id.; hann viðr sér frama, Fas. ii. 472; vinna mikla sæmd, Fms. i. 96; vinna land, kastala = expugnare, i. 23, vii. 79, x. 414; vinna undir sik allan Noreg, i. 4, 87; vinna orrostu, to gain a battle, vii. 123; vinna sigr, to gain a victory, i. 85, x. 231, passim; er vunninn var Ormrinn langi, iii. 29.
    3. to conquer, vanquish; er hann vann konung svá ágætan, Fas. i. 34; vinnr Sigmundr hann skjótt, Fær. 82; at Egill ynni flesta menn í leikum, Eg. 191.
    4. to avail; veit ek eigi hvat þat vinnr, Fms. vii. 160; margir lögðu gott til ok vann þat ekki, Sturl. iii. 261; vinna e-m þörf, to suffice, be sufficient, do, Grág. i. 457, Orkn. 138; þörf vinnr hverjum presti at segja eina messu, H. E. i. 473; nægisk mér ok þörf vinnr, ef son minn Joseph lifir, Stj. 221; mætti þörf vinna lengi at ærnu lítið mjöl. Blas. 43; þá tók hann sótt þá er honum vann at fullu, Fms. xi. 2; galdrinn vann honum at fullu, i. 100.
    5. special usages; vinna eið, særi …, to take an oath, Grág., Nj., passim; þeir unnu honum land ok trúnað, swore homage to him, Fms. x. 401.
    6. to make, followed by an adjective or participle; hann vann væltan hann, Post. 645. 68; hrútr, er hann mátti eigi heimtan vinna, Grág. i. 419; með sínum vælræðum vann hann yfir kominn Harald, Fms. x. 257; ef goðinn viðr eigi dóm fullan áðr sól komi á þingvöll þá er hann útlagr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 50; ef hann viðr dóminn fullan, 80; ef hann viðr eigi heimilt, ii. 142: esp. in poët. phrases, vinna e-n felldan, barðan, sáran, reiðan, hræddan, to make fallen, i. e. to fell, etc.; as also, vinna brotið = to break; vinna hefnt, to take revenge; vinna svarat e-u, to respond to, Lex. Poët.; Paulus vann þat sannat, at …, Post. (Unger) 231.
    III. with dat. to withstand (ellipt. for vinna við …?); sköpum viðr manngi, Am. 45; vinnat skjöldungar sköpum, Hkv. 2. 21; ek vætr honum vinna kunna’k, Vkv. 39; munat sköpum vinna, Skv. 1. 53; Korm. 104 (in a verse).
    IV. to suffer, undergo; according to the Gothic this would be the original sense, but it only remains in such phrases as, vinna víl, vinna vás, Lex. Poët.; vinna eld, to suffer fire, Fms. viii. 9.
    V. with prepp.; vinna at, to ‘win to’ a thing, effect; þeir fá ekki at unnit, Fms. vii. 270; drekinn vinnr síðan at honum, does away with him, Stj.; vinna at sauðfé, svínum, to tend sheep, swine, Dropl. 16, Rm. 12; vinna at segli, to manage, attend to the sail, Grett. 94 B:—vinna á, to make, effect; höfum vér mikit á unnit, Fms. xi. 264; þú munt mikit á vinna um þetta mál, Fas. i. 459: to do one bodily harm, kill, ef griðungr viðr á manni, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 188; ef fé viðr á fé, i. 192; maðr vinnr á manni, Nj. 100, Lv. 29; á-unnin verk, bodily injuries, Kb. i. 145; maðr á sín at hefna, ef vill, sá er á verðr unnit, 147:—vinna fyrir, ok var ekki fyrir unnit um sumarit, Þorf. Karl. 414; vinna fyrir sér; vinna fyrir mat sínum, to win one’s food; hann vinnr ekki fyrir mat sínum, he wins not his bread (mat-vinnungr):—þat vinn ek til eingis at svíkja þá er mér trúa, Band. 31 new Ed.; vildi hann vinna þat til sættar með þeim bræðrum, Fms. iv. 17; hann hirti ekki hvat hann vann til ef hann fengi þat, x. 7; þat vil ek til vinna, Nj. 170; mun ek heldr þat til vinna at giptask Þorbirni, Ld. 70; vilja gjarna nökkut við hann til vinna, Fær. 25; það er ekki til vinnandi, it is not worth the trouble; fé því er ek vann til, earned, Eg. 519:—vinna við e-u, to withstand; sköpum viðr manngi, mátti hann eigi við sköpum vinna né sínu aldrlagi, Fas. i. 199:—vinna e-n yfir (Dan. overvinde), to overcome, Fms. iii. 156, Finnb. 266.
    B. Reflex., ekki unnusk þau mjök fyrir, they did little to support themselves, Ld. 146; láta fyrir vinnask, to forbear, desist from; þó skal enn eigi láta fyrir vinnask, Fms. vii. 116; Þorgeirr lét eigi fyrir vinnask um þetta mál, Rd. 296; lét prestrinn fyrir vinnask of umbræðuna þaðan frá, Bs. i. 341.
    2. to last, suffice; alla þessa þrjá daga vannsk (vannz Ed.) þeirra vegr, Stj. 131; ríki Assyriorum vannsk ( lasted) um þúsund ára, 140; Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannsk, to the end of the island, Grett. 172 new Ed.; meðan dagrinn vannsk, as long as the day lasted, till evening, Fas. iii. 4; festrin vannsk eigi til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to touch the ground, Fms. ix. 3: to reach, smíðuðu stöpul þann er vinna(sk) skyldi til himins, Edda (pref.); þar sátu konur úti frá sem vannsk, as there was room, Fms. x. 16; skyldi drekka saman karlmaðr ok kona svá sem til ynnisk, Eg. 247; meðan Jólin ynnisk, Hkr. i. 138 (vynnisk, Fms. 1. 32, l. c.); Ketill bað Eyvind svá vítt nema land at þeim ynnisk báðum til vel, Rd. 231; ef eigi vinnsk til (fé) til hvárs-tveggja, Grág. i. 288; fé þat skulu þeir hafa sem vinnsk, … ef fé vinnsk (vinnz Ed.) betr (Dan. slaae til), Grág. (Kb.) i. 85, 86; fé svá at vinnask mætti at ærnu þúsund manna, 623. 21; þess viðar er vinnask megi mál ok misseri, Hm. 59; ef hánum vinnsk (vinnz) eigi fróðleikr til þess, Grág. (Kb.) i. 209; vér trúum orku, afli ok sigr-sæli, ok vinnsk oss þat at gnógn, Ó. H. 202 (cp. ‘vinna þörf’ above); ek vinnumk eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward thee, Finnb. 238; ek vinnumk eigi at dýrka þitt nafn, Barl. 181.
    II. recipr., vinnask á, to wound one another; þar er menn vinnask á, Grág.; þau vinnask á þann áverka, er …, Kb. ii. 40; vinnask á enum meirum sárum, K. Þ. K. 116.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VINNA

  • 7 rumor

    rūmor, ōris, m. [cf. Gr. ôruô, to howl; orumagdos, din; Sanscr. root ru-, roar; ravas, uproar; Lat.: raucus, rudo].
    I.
    Lit., the talk of the many, whether relating facts or expressing opinions.
    A.
    Common talk, unauthenticated report, hearsay, rumor (the prevalent and class. signif.; used equally in sing. and plur.; syn.: fama, sermo); absol., or with a mention of its purport.
    a.
    Absol.: est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti mercatores in oppidis vulgus circumsistat, quibusque ex regionibus veniant quasque ibi res cognoverint, pronuntiare cogant. His rumoribus atque auditionibus permoti de summis saepe rebus consilia ineunt, quorum eos e vestigio poenitere necesse est;

    cum incertis rumoribus serviant, et plerique ad voluntatem eorum ficta respondeant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 5; cf.:

    aliquid rumore ac famā accipere... falsis rumoribus terreri,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    multa rumor perferet,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1; cf.

    also, in the description of the house of Fame, in Ovid: mixtaque cum veris passim commenta vagantur Milia rumorum confusaque verba volutant,

    Ov. M. 12, 55 (v. the passage in its connection):

    rumoribus mecum pugnas,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 9:

    rumores Africanos excipere,

    id. Deiot. 9, 25:

    senatus vulgi rumoribus exagitatus,

    Sall. C. 29, 1:

    multa rumor fingebat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 53:

    addunt et affingunt rumoribus Galli, quod res poscere videbatur,

    id. B. G. 7, 1:

    frigidus a Rostris manat per compita rumor,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 50 et saep. —
    b.
    With the purport of the rumor introduced by an object- or relative-clause; by de, rarely by gen.
    (α).
    Postquam populi rumorem intelleximus, Studiose expetere vos Plautinas fabulas, etc., Plaut. Cas. prol. 11: cum interea rumor venit, Datum iri gladiatores; populus convolat, etc., Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 31; id. Heaut. prol. 16:

    crebri ad eum rumores afferebantur litterisque item Labieni certior fiebat, omnes Belgas contra populum Romanum conjurare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 1:

    meum gnatum rumor est amare,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 14; cf.:

    rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

    serpit hic rumor: Scis tu illum accusationem cogitare? etc.,

    id. Mur. 21, 45:

    crebro vulgi rumore lacerabatur, tamquam viros et insontes ob invidiam aut metum exstinxisset,

    Tac. A. 15, 73:

    subdito rumore, tamquam Mesopotamiam invasurus,

    id. ib. 6, 36.—
    (β).
    With de:

    nihil perfertur ad nos praeter rumores de oppresso Dolabellā,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1:

    de Aeduorum defectione rumores afferebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 59:

    de vitā imperatoris dubii rumores allati sunt,

    Liv. 28, 24:

    graves de te rumores,

    Cic. Deiot. 9, 25:

    exstinctis rumoribus de auxiliis legionum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 60 fin. —
    (γ).
    With gen. (very rare):

    cenae rumor,

    Suet. Aug. 70:

    belli civilis rumores,

    Tac. H. 3, 45: rumor prostratae regi pudicitiae Suet. Caes. 2.—
    B.
    Common or general opinion, current report, the popular voice; and objectively, fame, reputation (less freq. but class.):

    famam atque rumores pars altera consensum civitatis et velut publicum testimonium vocat: altera sermonem sine ullo certo auctore dispersum, cui malignitas initium dederit, incrementum credulitas,

    Quint. 5, 3, 1; cf.:

    adversus famam rumoresque hominum si satis firmus steteris, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 39:

    qui erit rumor populi, si id feceris?

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 18:

    totam opinionem (populi) parva nonnumquam commutat aura rumoris,

    Cic. Mur. 17, 35: rumoribus adversa in pravitatem, secunda in casum, fortunam in temeritatem, declinando corrumpebant, with their slanders, misrepresentations, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 385, 3:

    quos rumor asperserat, ii, etc.,

    Curt. 10, 31, 18:

    rumorem quendam et plausum popularem esse quaesitum,

    Cic. Clu. 47, 131:

    rumori servire,

    Plaut. Trin, 3, 2, 14; cf. in the lusus verbb. with rumen: ego rumorem parvi facio, dum sit rumen qui impleam, Pompon. ap. Non. 18, 15:

    omnem infimae plebis rumorem affectavit,

    Tac. H. 2, 91:

    Marcellus adverso rumore esse,

    Liv. 27, 20:

    flagret rumore malo cum Hic atque ille,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 125; Tac. H. 2, 93 fin.: invidiam alicui concitare secundo populi rumore, with the concurring or favorable judgment, with the approbation, Fenest. ap. Non. 385, 17; so, rumore secundo, Suev. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1; old poet in Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; Verg. A. 8, 90; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9; cf.:

    aliquid accipere secundo rumore,

    Tac. A. 3, 29:

    claro apud volgum rumore erat,

    id. ib. 15, 48.—
    II.
    Transf., a murmuring, murmur of a stream:

    amoena fluenta Subterlabentis tacito rumore Mosellae,

    Aus. Mos. 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rumor

  • 8 vindico

    vindico, āvī, ātum, āre (= vim dico, eig. Gewalt androhen; dah.) I) einen Ggstd. gerichtlich in Anspruch nehmen, vindizieren *(vgl. vindiciae a.A.), A) eig.: sponsam in libertatem, Liv.: puellam in posterum diem, ihr die Freiheit v., Liv.: vindicatur Verginia spondentibus propinquis, Liv.: profecti (die Parteien) simul in agrum, de quo litigabatur, terrae aliquid ex eo, uti unam glebam, in ius in urbem ad praetorem deferrent, et in ea gleba, tamquam in toto agro, vindicarent, Gell.

    B) übtr., etw. in Anspruch nehmen, 1) von der Vindizierung bei Eigentumsklagen, etw. als sein Eigentum in Anspruch nehmen, auf etw. Anspruch machen, als mir gehörig-, zustehend fordern, etw. sich zueignen, sich zuschreiben, a) bl. vind.: ortus nostri partem vindicat patria, Cic.: nonnulla ab imperatore miles, plurima vero fortuna vindicat, Nep.: omnia pro suis, Cic.: videor id meo iure quodam modo vindicare, Cic.: Chii suum (Homerum) vindicant, Cic.: alqm caelo (Dat.), in den Himmel versetzen, Plin. pan. 10, 4: v. antiquam faciem, wieder annehmen, Ov. – poet. m. Infin., vindicat hoc Pharius dextrā gestare satelles, Lucan. 8, 675. – b) vind. aa se: decus belli ad se, Liv.: victoriae maiorem partem ad se, Liv. – c) vind. sibi: ceterarum rerum, quae sunt in oratore, partem aliquam sibi quisque vindicat, Cic. or. 69: constantiae eximiam sibi laudem, Val. Max.: nihil sibi nisi dispensandi potestatem, Sen.: sibi nomen, Quint.: sibi prospera, Tac.: sibi regnum, Iustin.: ubi minimum virium veneris pecuniaeque cupido sibi vindicaverit, Val. Max.; vgl. Krebs-Schmalz Antib.7 Bd. 2. S. 741.

    2) von der Vindizierung in Freiheitsklagen, a) den, der unfrei ist, als frei in Anspruch nehmen, jmd. aus dem Zustande der Sklaverei u. dgl. in Freiheit setzen, befreien, retten, α) m. in libertatem: vind. in libertatem et a regum et a patrum dominatione, Cic.: v. rem populi in libertatem, Cic.: ex dominatu Ti. Gracchi in libertatem rem publicam, Cic.: rem publicam afflictam et oppressam in veterem dignitatem ac libertatem, Cic. – β) ohne in lib.: te ab eo vindico et libero, Cic.: dura ad saxa revinctam, Ov. – se ad alqm, seine Verbindlichkeiten gegen jmd. erfüllen, ut se aliquando ad suos vindicaret, Cic. Rab. Post. 25. – b) was noch frei, unangetastet, unversehrt ist, in Schutz nehmen, schützen, sicherstellen, bewahren, libertatem, Caes.: rusticis magnam partem cibariorum per hiemem, erhalten, Colum. – gew. m. ab (gegen od. vor) u. Abl., v. alqm a verberibus, ab unco, a crucis terrore, Cic.: alqm a miseriis morte, Cic.: a molestia, a labore, Cic.: domum suam ab solitudine, Cic.: u. so loca a solitudine, Liv.: laudem summorum oratorum ab oblivione hominum atque a silentio, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., alqm scelerum suorum suppliciis, vor der Str. bewahren, von der Str. befreien, Iustin. 7, 5, 7: exercitum fame, Curt. 9, 10 (41), 18. – v. Schutzmitteln, capillum a canitie, Plin.: ebur a carie (v. altem Öl), Plin.: corpora a putrescendo (v. Salz), Plin. – u. vind. se ex alqa re, sich gegen etwas sicherstellen, se non modo ex suspicione tanti sceleris, verum etiam ex omni hominum sermone non armis, sed patrimonio suo vindicavit, Cic. Sull. 59.

    II) einem Vergehen durch Inanspruchnahme von Sühne, durch Androhung od. Vollziehung von Strafe steuern, gegen etwas od. jmd. verbietend od. strafend einschreiten, A) eig.: a) v. alqd = einem Vergehen usw. steuern, es verbieten, ein begangenes ahnden, bestrafen, iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, ut tutela duodecim tabulis, circumscriptio adulescentium lege Plaetoriā; et sine lege iudiciis, in quibus additur EX FIDE BONA, Cic.: facinus nemini lege concessum, sed fortasse adhuc in nullo vindicatum, Cic.: acerrime maleficia, Cic.: peccata, Liv.: quidquid peccatur maiestatis actione vindicandum est, Sen. rhet. – b) v. in alqm, gegen jmd. einschreiten, ahndend verfahren, jmd. bestrafen, fateor non modo in socios, sed etiam in cives militesque nostros persaepe esse severe ac vehementer vindicatum, Cic.: vindicandum in eos non manu neque vi, verum quaestionibus, Sall.: in quos eo gravius Caesar vindicandum statuit, Caes. – c) absol. = einschreiten, strafen, nisi vos vindicatis, Cic.: populum hortari ad vindicandum, Sall.

    B) übtr.: a) alqd, einer Sache steuern, etw. ahnden, bestrafen, rächen, fortuita non civium tantummodo, sed urbium damna principis munificentia vindicat, steuert (= ersetzt), Vell. 2, 126, 4. – Ti. Gracchi conatus perditos, Cic.: sociorum (gegen die B.) iniurias, Liv.: iniurias suas manu (durch Mord, Gewalttat), Sall.: offensas ense, Ov.: necem Crassi, Ov. – zugl. m. in u. Abl. der Pers. = etwas an jmd. rügen (tadeln), omnia, quae vindicaris in altero, tibi ipsi vehementer fugienda sunt, Cic. Verr. 3, 4. – b) alqm, α) bl. alqm, Romana tandem se vindicat ira, Claud. 24, 84. – β) alqm ab oder de alqo, an jmd. rächen, se a Pyrrho, Vell. 1, 1, 3: se ab illo, Sen. de ben. 6, 5, 3: se de fortuna praefationibus, Plin. ep. 4, 11, 14: u. passiv, quantā saevitiā opus erat, ut Sulla de Mario vindicaretur, Flor. 3, 21, 19 (aber Cic. Deiot. 21 Halm se de absente indicare). – / vulg. vendico, Iul. Val. 3, 47. p. 156, 9 K. – Nbf. nach der 3. Konj., vindicit, XII tabb. III, 3 Schoell ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 45).

    lateinisch-deutsches > vindico

  • 9 kämpfen

    kämpfen, pugnare (Widerstand leisten). – certare (sich messend, wetteifernd kämpfen, streiten, auch mit Worten). – concertare (eifrig wettstreiten, -kämpfen, bes. mit Worten). – contendere (seine Kräfte anstrengen, mit Anstrengung der Kräfte kämpfen, um den Sieg davonzutragen, auch mit Worten, gew. mit dem Zus. armis, proelio, acie, verbis). – decernere (entscheiden durch Waffengewalt, gew. mit dem Zus. armis, ferro, proelio, acie). – dimicare (einen Kampf wagen auf die Gefahr hin, den kürzern zu ziehen, gew. mit dem Zus. proelio, acie). – depugnare. decertare (= pugnare u. certare, aber mit dem Nbbgr. des dauernden Kampfes, bis dahin, wo die eine Partei unterliegt; dep. auch vom Kampf der Gladiatoren auf Leben und Tod, sowie bildl., z.B. mit dem Hunger, cum fame). – digladiari (fechten mit tödlichen Waffen u. auf Leben u. Tod; folglich mit größter Erbitterung und ohne Schonung); alle diese Verba auch »mit jmd.«, cum alqo, od. »miteinander«, inter se. – proeliari. proelium od. pugnam facere od. edere (ein Gefecht, ein Treffen, eine Schlacht liefern, proeliari auch bildl. mit Worten, mit jmd., cum alqo). – confligere, mit u. ohne den Zus. armis, manu, proelio, acie (sich schlagen, wenn es auf Heftigkeit u. Gewalt, nicht auf die Art der Waffen ankommt; von jedem heftigen Kampfe), mit jmd., cum alqo, od. miteinander, inter se. – conflictari, mit jmd., cum alqo (sich herumschlagen, auch bildl., z.B. mit dem Unglück, cum adversa fortuna: mit vielen Schwierigkeiten k. od. zu k. haben, multis difficultatibus). – luctari, mit jmd., cum alqo (als Ringer k., ringen, auch bildl., z.B. mit den Wellen od. Wogen, cum fluctibus: mit dem Tode, cum morte). – pugilari (als Klopffechter mit dem Zästus, dann übh. mit der Faust fechten, kämpfen). – mit Fäusten, mit den Fersen, mit den Zähnen k., pugnis, calcibus, morsu certare: glücklich k., proeliis secundis uti: für etwas k. (z.B. für das Vaterland etc.), pugnare, dimicare, decernere pro alqa re: die Gefangenen miteinander k. lassen, captivos dimicare inter se cogere. – mit etwas zu k. haben, laborare alqā re (z.B. et luto et pulvere: u. magnā inopiā necessariarum rerum): ich habe mit jmd. zu k., negotium mihi est cum alqo (es macht mir jmd. Not). – Kämpfen, das, s. Kampf.

    deutsch-lateinisches > kämpfen

  • 10 vindico

    vindico, āvī, ātum, āre (= vim dico, eig. Gewalt androhen; dah.) I) einen Ggstd. gerichtlich in Anspruch nehmen, vindizieren *(vgl. vindiciae a.A.), A) eig.: sponsam in libertatem, Liv.: puellam in posterum diem, ihr die Freiheit v., Liv.: vindicatur Verginia spondentibus propinquis, Liv.: profecti (die Parteien) simul in agrum, de quo litigabatur, terrae aliquid ex eo, uti unam glebam, in ius in urbem ad praetorem deferrent, et in ea gleba, tamquam in toto agro, vindicarent, Gell.
    B) übtr., etw. in Anspruch nehmen, 1) von der Vindizierung bei Eigentumsklagen, etw. als sein Eigentum in Anspruch nehmen, auf etw. Anspruch machen, als mir gehörig-, zustehend fordern, etw. sich zueignen, sich zuschreiben, a) bl. vind.: ortus nostri partem vindicat patria, Cic.: nonnulla ab imperatore miles, plurima vero fortuna vindicat, Nep.: omnia pro suis, Cic.: videor id meo iure quodam modo vindicare, Cic.: Chii suum (Homerum) vindicant, Cic.: alqm caelo (Dat.), in den Himmel versetzen, Plin. pan. 10, 4: v. antiquam faciem, wieder annehmen, Ov. – poet. m. Infin., vindicat hoc Pharius dextrā gestare satelles, Lucan. 8, 675. – b) vind. aa se: decus belli ad se, Liv.: victoriae maiorem partem ad se, Liv. – c) vind. sibi: ceterarum rerum, quae sunt in oratore, partem aliquam sibi quisque vindicat, Cic.
    ————
    or. 69: constantiae eximiam sibi laudem, Val. Max.: nihil sibi nisi dispensandi potestatem, Sen.: sibi nomen, Quint.: sibi prospera, Tac.: sibi regnum, Iustin.: ubi minimum virium veneris pecuniaeque cupido sibi vindicaverit, Val. Max.; vgl. Krebs-Schmalz Antib.7 Bd. 2. S. 741.
    2) von der Vindizierung in Freiheitsklagen, a) den, der unfrei ist, als frei in Anspruch nehmen, jmd. aus dem Zustande der Sklaverei u. dgl. in Freiheit setzen, befreien, retten, α) m. in libertatem: vind. in libertatem et a regum et a patrum dominatione, Cic.: v. rem populi in libertatem, Cic.: ex dominatu Ti. Gracchi in libertatem rem publicam, Cic.: rem publicam afflictam et oppressam in veterem dignitatem ac libertatem, Cic. – β) ohne in lib.: te ab eo vindico et libero, Cic.: dura ad saxa revinctam, Ov. – se ad alqm, seine Verbindlichkeiten gegen jmd. erfüllen, ut se aliquando ad suos vindicaret, Cic. Rab. Post. 25. – b) was noch frei, unangetastet, unversehrt ist, in Schutz nehmen, schützen, sicherstellen, bewahren, libertatem, Caes.: rusticis magnam partem cibariorum per hiemem, erhalten, Colum. – gew. m. ab (gegen od. vor) u. Abl., v. alqm a verberibus, ab unco, a crucis terrore, Cic.: alqm a miseriis morte, Cic.: a molestia, a labore, Cic.: domum suam ab solitudine, Cic.: u. so loca a solitudine, Liv.: laudem summorum oratorum ab oblivione hominum atque a
    ————
    silentio, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., alqm scelerum suorum suppliciis, vor der Str. bewahren, von der Str. befreien, Iustin. 7, 5, 7: exercitum fame, Curt. 9, 10 (41), 18. – v. Schutzmitteln, capillum a canitie, Plin.: ebur a carie (v. altem Öl), Plin.: corpora a putrescendo (v. Salz), Plin. – u. vind. se ex alqa re, sich gegen etwas sicherstellen, se non modo ex suspicione tanti sceleris, verum etiam ex omni hominum sermone non armis, sed patrimonio suo vindicavit, Cic. Sull. 59.
    II) einem Vergehen durch Inanspruchnahme von Sühne, durch Androhung od. Vollziehung von Strafe steuern, gegen etwas od. jmd. verbietend od. strafend einschreiten, A) eig.: a) v. alqd = einem Vergehen usw. steuern, es verbieten, ein begangenes ahnden, bestrafen, iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, ut tutela duodecim tabulis, circumscriptio adulescentium lege Plaetoriā; et sine lege iudiciis, in quibus additur EX FIDE BONA, Cic.: facinus nemini lege concessum, sed fortasse adhuc in nullo vindicatum, Cic.: acerrime maleficia, Cic.: peccata, Liv.: quidquid peccatur maiestatis actione vindicandum est, Sen. rhet. – b) v. in alqm, gegen jmd. einschreiten, ahndend verfahren, jmd. bestrafen, fateor non modo in socios, sed etiam in cives militesque nostros persaepe esse severe ac vehementer vindicatum, Cic.: vindicandum in eos non manu neque vi, verum quaestionibus, Sall.: in quos eo gravius Caesar vindicandum
    ————
    statuit, Caes. – c) absol. = einschreiten, strafen, nisi vos vindicatis, Cic.: populum hortari ad vindicandum, Sall.
    B) übtr.: a) alqd, einer Sache steuern, etw. ahnden, bestrafen, rächen, fortuita non civium tantummodo, sed urbium damna principis munificentia vindicat, steuert (= ersetzt), Vell. 2, 126, 4. – Ti. Gracchi conatus perditos, Cic.: sociorum (gegen die B.) iniurias, Liv.: iniurias suas manu (durch Mord, Gewalttat), Sall.: offensas ense, Ov.: necem Crassi, Ov. – zugl. m. in u. Abl. der Pers. = etwas an jmd. rügen (tadeln), omnia, quae vindicaris in altero, tibi ipsi vehementer fugienda sunt, Cic. Verr. 3, 4. – b) alqm, α) bl. alqm, Romana tandem se vindicat ira, Claud. 24, 84. – β) alqm ab oder de alqo, an jmd. rächen, se a Pyrrho, Vell. 1, 1, 3: se ab illo, Sen. de ben. 6, 5, 3: se de fortuna praefationibus, Plin. ep. 4, 11, 14: u. passiv, quantā saevitiā opus erat, ut Sulla de Mario vindicaretur, Flor. 3, 21, 19 (aber Cic. Deiot. 21 Halm se de absente indicare). – ⇒ vulg. vendico, Iul. Val. 3, 47. p. 156, 9 K. – Nbf. nach der 3. Konj., vindicit, XII tabb. III, 3 Schoell ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 45).

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > vindico

  • 11 HALDA

    * * *
    (held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.
    I. with dat.
    1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);
    to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);
    2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);
    3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);
    to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);
    halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;
    4) to hold, keep one’s stock;
    also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);
    5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);
    halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;
    halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;
    6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;
    þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;
    halda heim, to steer homewards;
    7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);
    8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);
    II. with acc.
    1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);
    2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);
    3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);
    to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);
    4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);
    5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);
    halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;
    halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;
    6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);
    7) to hold, keep up;
    halda varnir, to keep up a defence;
    halda vörð, to keep watch;
    8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);
    þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;
    III. with preps.:
    halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);
    to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);
    halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);
    halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;
    halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;
    halda e-u eptir, to keep back;
    halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;
    halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;
    halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;
    to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);
    halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);
    halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);
    halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;
    heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;
    hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;
    halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);
    halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;
    halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);
    halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;
    halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);
    halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;
    to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);
    to keep going (halda upp bardaga);
    to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);
    halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;
    halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;
    halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);
    hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;
    heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;
    IV. refl., haldast.
    * * *
    pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.
    A. WITH DAT. to hold to:
    I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.
    β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.
    2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.
    II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.
    β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.
    III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.
    β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.
    2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.
    3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’
    4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.
    β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.
    IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.
    β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.
    γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.
    V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.
    β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.
    2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.
    β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.
    3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.
    4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.
    β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.
    γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.
    δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.
    ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.
    5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.
    VI. impers.,
    1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.
    2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.
    B. WITH ACC. to hold:
    I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.
    2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.
    II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.
    2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.
    3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).
    III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.
    β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.
    2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.
    β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.
    3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.
    β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)
    γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)
    4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.
    5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.
    IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.
    2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.
    V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.
    VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.
    ☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.
    C. REFLEX.:
    I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.
    β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.
    γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.
    δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.
    2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.
    3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.
    II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.
    2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.
    β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.
    γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.
    III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.
    2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HALDA

  • 12 vinna

    * * *
    I)
    (vinn; vann, unnum, unninn), v.
    1) to work, labour, do work (Ásmundr vildi lítit vinna);
    vinna á akri ok plœgja, to work in the field and plough;
    2) to work, till, cultivate (vinna akr, jörðina);
    3) to work, perform, do;
    vinna verk sin, to do one’s work;
    þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;
    þér hafið mikit stórvirki unnit, ye have done a great deed;
    vinna eið, sœri, to take an oath;
    vinna bœtr á e-u, to redress;
    vinna e-m beinleika, beina, to show hospitality to one;
    vinna e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death, to one;
    vinna e-m úsœmd, to bring shame, disgrace on one;
    vinna e-m bót (illt), to do one good (harm);
    vinna e-m hefnd, to take revenge on;
    4) vinna e-m, to wait upon, attend to, tend (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum);
    5) to win, gain;
    vinna orrustu, sigr, to gain a battle, victory;
    vinna sigr á e-m, to obtain a victory over, defeat, one;
    6) to win, conquer (vinna land, borgir, skip);
    vinna e-t aptr, to recover by conquest, reconquer (vinna aptr þat ríki, er látit er);
    7) to overcome, master, get the better of (þeir ætla, at þeim muni illa sœkjast at vinna oss);
    8) to avail (veit ek eigi, hvat þat vinnr);
    e-t vinnr e-m þörf, it suffices, is sufficient for one (þörf vinnr hverjum presti at segja eina messu);
    vinna e-m at fullu, to be quite sufficient for one, do away with, kill (tók hann sótt þá, er honum vann at fullu);
    9) to withstand, with dat., = vinna við e-u;
    sköpum viðr (= vinnr) manngi, no man can withstand his fate;
    10) followed by an a. or pp., to make (vinna e-n sáran, reiðan, barðan, felldan);
    vann hann yfirkominn Harald, he succeeded in vanquishing H.;
    vinna hefnt, to take revenge;
    vinna annat, to prove;
    11) to reach (smíðuðu einn stöpul, þann er þeir ætluðu at vinna skyldi til himins);
    12) with preps., vinna at e-u, to be busy with (vinna at heyi);
    vinna at svínum, sauðfé, to tend swine, sheep;
    fá ekki at unnit, to effect nothing (ekki munu þér fá at unnit svá búit);
    vinna at e-m, to do away with, kill (þat var markat á tjaldinu, at Sigurðr vann at Fáfni);
    vinna e-t á, to do, effect (höfum vér mikit á unnit í várri ferð);
    vinna á e-m, to do one bodily injury, = vinna áverka á e-m (með þann hug at vinna á Gunnari);
    vinna e-t til e-s, to do one thing in order to obtain or effect another (vildi hann vinna þat til sættar með þeim brœðrum);
    þat vil ek til vinna, that I am ready to do;
    vinna til e-s, to make oneself worthy of, deserve (vinna til dauða);
    vinna til fjár ok frægðar, to act so as to gain money and fame;
    vinna við e-u, to withstand (mátti hann ok eigi við sköpum vinna né sínu aldrlagi);
    vinna e-n yfir, to overcome;
    13) refl., vinnast, to last, suffice;
    meðan dagrinn vannst, as long as the day lasted;
    Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannst, to the end of the island;
    festrin vannst eigi til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to touch the ground;
    þar sátu konur úti frá sem vannst, as there was room;
    ek vinnst eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward thee;
    ekki unnust þau mjök fyrir, they did little to support themselves;
    recipr., vinnast á, to wound one another.
    f. work, labour;
    vera at vinnu, to be at work.
    * * *
    u, f. a work, labour, business; fá sér e-t til vinnu, Gþl. 483; taka vinnur af e-m, Fms. i. 33; vera at vinnu, to be at work, vi. 187; at-vinna, q. v.
    COMPDS: vinnuafli, vinnufólk, vinnufullr, vinnufærr, vinnugóðr, vinnugreifi, vinnuhjún, vinnulítill, vinnumaðr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > vinna

  • 13 in-decōrus

        in-decōrus adj.,    unbecoming, unseemly, unsightly: motūs, L.: Non indecoro pulvere sordidi, i. e. honorable, H.— Plur f. as subst, ill-favored women.—Fig., without fame, of no repute: Trebellius, Ta.—Unbecoming, disgraceful: indecorum est locis uti communibus.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-decōrus

  • 14 certus

    certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
    I.
    (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

    certum'st hominem eludere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

    tibi credere,

    id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

    certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

    Liv. 2, 45, 13:

    certum est igni circumdare muros,

    Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

    certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

    certum est, jam dicam patri,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

    certum est, ibo ad medicum,

    id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

    so further with istuc,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

    mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

    ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

    quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

    certa res hanc est objurgare,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
    b.
    (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    certa mori,

    Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

    decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

    Ov. M. 9, 43:

    certa sequi,

    Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

    A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

    Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

    desciscendi,

    Tac. H. 4, 14:

    relinquendae vitae,

    id. A. 4, 34:

    necis,

    Sil. 6, 27:

    fugae,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

    destinationis,

    Tac. A. 12, 32:

    sceleris,

    id. ib. 12, 66:

    consilii,

    id. H. 2, 46.—
    (γ).
    With an:

    nec sat certa an cederet armis,

    Sil. 9, 480.—
    II.
    An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

    with praefinitus,

    Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
    A.
    Object.
    1.
    Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

    Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

    Lucr. 6, 783:

    fruges, bacae,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

    id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    concilium in diem certam indicere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

    so with dies,

    a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

    certis diebus,

    Verg. G. 2, 329:

    quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

    certum praefinitumque tempus,

    id. Galb. 14; and:

    certum statumque vectigal,

    id. Calig. 40:

    pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

    Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

    locus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

    numerus,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    signum,

    fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

    naves,

    fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

    pecuniae imperabantur,

    id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

    conviva,

    i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

    ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
    b.
    But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

    Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

    habet certos sui studiosos,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

    id. Sest. 27, 58:

    certi homines ad eam rem periti,

    id. ib. 18, 41:

    res a certis hominibus corrupta,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

    ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

    Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

    11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

    id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

    in his certos aliquos docebit,

    id. 2, 8, 13.—
    2.
    Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
    a.
    Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

    tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

    certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

    certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

    auctor (mortis),

    Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

    adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

    Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

    per litora certos dimittam,

    Verg. A. 1, 576:

    certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

    id. G. 1, 432.—
    b.
    Of things:

    satis animo certo et confirmato,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

    pectora,

    Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

    promissa,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

    parata dicendi copia et certa,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

    9: jus,

    id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

    jactus (telorum),

    Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

    in this sense certa hasta,

    Verg. A. 11, 767:

    sagitta,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

    fides segetis,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

    spes,

    id. C. S. 74:

    trames,

    id. S. 2, 3, 49:

    lar,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

    plana et certa,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    certa et clara,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

    certa maris,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    B.
    Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

    cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

    incerta pro certis malebant,

    Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

    incerta pro certis mutare,

    id. J. 83, 1:

    postremo certior res,

    Liv. 29, 6, 12:

    certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

    hisce oculis egomet vidi,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

    jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

    id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

    cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

    Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

    id parum certum est,

    Liv. 5, 35, 3:

    cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

    Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

    nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

    neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    si quicquam humanorum certi est,

    Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

    Certum non scimus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

    certum habere,

    to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

    certum respondeo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

    negare,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

    polliceri,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

    dicere aliquid,

    id. Brut. 3, 10:

    ponere,

    Liv. 23, 6, 8:

    scire,

    id. 25, 10, 1:

    affirmare,

    id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

    creditur,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    coeperit esse,

    Quint. 5, 12, 2:

    certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

    quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

    et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

    Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

    certo certius,

    Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
    2.
    Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

    certi sumus periisse omnia,

    Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    num quid nunc es certior?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

    posteritatis,

    i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

    sententiae,

    Quint. 4, 3, 8:

    judicii,

    Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

    certus de suā geniturā,

    Suet. Vesp. 25:

    damnationis,

    id. Tib. 61:

    exitii,

    Tac. A. 1, 27:

    spei,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    matrimonii,

    id. A. 12, 3:

    certi sumus, etc.,

    Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

    me certiorem face,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

    ut nos facias certiores,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

    uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

    Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

    faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

    Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

    milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

    quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

    Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

    factus certior, quae res gererentur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

    non consulibus certioribus factis,

    Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

    fac me certum quid tibi est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

    lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

    Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
    A.
    certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
    1.
    Object.:

    perii certo, haud arbitrario,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

    mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

    nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Subject.
    a.
    In gen. (very rare):

    certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

    ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    b.
    Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

    certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

    quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

    Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

    veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

    Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
    B.
    certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
    I.
    Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
    1.
    Object.:

    certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

    ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    certe hercle,

    id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

    quom is certe Renuntiarit,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

    certe captus est!

    id. And. 1, 1, 55:

    certe ut videamur cernere eum,

    Lucr. 4, 760:

    si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

    fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

    id. Planc. 16, 38:

    ea certe vera sunt,

    id. Mil. 35, 96:

    M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

    cum se certe decessurum videret,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

    certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

    Verg. A. 1, 234:

    o dea certe,

    a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

    postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

    placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

    Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

    speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

    Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

    si reperire vocas amittere certius,

    Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
    b.
    In an answer of affirmation:

    estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
    2.
    Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

    certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

    edepol certo scio,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

    scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

    ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

    id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

    quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
    c.
    In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

    ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
    (β).
    In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
    II.
    Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
    A.
    Alone:

    si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

    ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

    haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

    qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

    res fortasse verae, certe graves,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

    consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

    id. 22, 34, 11:

    quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

    Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

    quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

    ego certe,

    Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

    certe ego,

    Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

    mihi certe,

    Quint. 10, 3, 23:

    ipse certe,

    id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
    B.
    With other particles.
    1.
    With tamen:

    illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
    2.
    With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
    3.
    With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
    4.
    With quidem:

    ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

    quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

    id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

    certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

    hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > certus

  • 15 sacer

    săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

    sacres porci,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

    quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

    Macr. S. 3, 7:

    sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 3.
    I.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    quicquam (opp. profanum),

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

    aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

    locus sacer et profanus,

    id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

    miscebis sacra profanis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

    villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

    mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

    (legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

    Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

    deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

    Ov. H. 9, 159:

    aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

    lucus late sacer,

    Verg. A. 5, 761:

    arvum Martis,

    Ov. M. 7, 101:

    ara,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

    aurum,

    Liv. 5, 50; cf.

    pecunia (opp. privata),

    Quint. 4, 2, 8:

    arma,

    Liv. 24, 21:

    tus,

    Ov. M. 14, 130:

    sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

    Cat. 68, 75:

    ales (so called from its use in augury),

    Verg. A. 11, 721:

    luces (with profestae),

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

    dies (with religiosus),

    Suet. Tib. 61:

    tempus,

    Hor. C. S. 4:

    commissum,

    a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

    laurus,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

    robur,

    Ov. M. 8, 752:

    aqua,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

    fontes,

    Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

    focus,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

    Tarentum,

    id. C. 1, 28, 29:

    fines,

    Sil. 3, 501; cf.

    montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

    id. 4, 70;

    vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

    sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

    Hor. A. P. 391;

    and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

    Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

    Cybebe,

    id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

    v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

    a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

    os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

    Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

    v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

    the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

    sacer lapis,

    a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

    litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

    the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—
    (β).
    With gen. (class.):

    ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

    urna Veneris,

    id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

    urna Veneria,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

    Dianae celebris dies,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

    sepulcrum Batti veteris,

    Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

    illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—
    (γ).
    With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

    infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

    Ov. M. 7, 623:

    esculus Jovi sacra,

    Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

    Nymphis cervus,

    Ov. M. 10, 109:

    Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

    Verg. A. 6, 484:

    pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

    Tac. A. 15, 53:

    cupressus Diti sacra,

    Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

    aesculus Jovi,

    id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

    Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

    Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

    silentium,

    Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

    laedere amantes,

    Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

    lingua (Ciceronis),

    Mart. 5, 69, 7:

    Maro,

    id. 8. 56, 3:

    quaedam patris memoria,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59:

    O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

    Luc. 9, 983:

    heu sacri vatum errores,

    Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

    disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

    Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

    auris Caesaris,

    Mart. 7, 99, 4:

    sacri lateris custos,

    id. 6, 76, 1:

    apud aures sacras mentitus est,

    Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

    se Imperatori mentitum,

    id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
    II.
    In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
    (α).
    With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

    non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

    Macr. S. 3, 7.—
    (β).
    Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

    in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

    eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

    Liv. 3, 55.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    a.
    Of persons:

    ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

    homo sacerrimus,

    id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —
    b.
    Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

    di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

    Cat. 14, 12:

    hircus alarum,

    id. 71, 1:

    auri fames,

    Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

    aurum fame,

    Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

    venenum (Medeae),

    Val. Fl. 7, 165:

    nox,

    id. 8, 25:

    arma metu,

    id. 4, 185; cf.

    pavor,

    id. 1, 798:

    insania,

    Stat. Th. 10, 804:

    morbus,

    i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

    ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

    Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

    omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

    metuens velut contingere sacrum,

    id. S. 2, 3, 110:

    apud Cluacinae sacrum,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

    Minervae,

    Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

    theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

    Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

    sacrum Herculi facere,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    facere Junoni,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

    facto per Magos sacro,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    sollemne sacrum conficere,

    Flor. 1, 13, 16:

    ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 67:

    arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

    Liv. 41, 12:

    sacrum piaculare fieri,

    id. 29, 19:

    sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

    Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

    pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

    id. ib. 14, 80:

    nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

    neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

    according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

    vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

    morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

    Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

    in sacro est,

    id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—
    (β).
    Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

    sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

    Ov. M. 2, 713:

    Troïa,

    Tib. 2, 5, 40:

    velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

    of the same,

    Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

    cumque suis penetralia sacris,

    i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

    jactata aequoribus sacra,

    Hor. C.4,4,54:

    pueri Sacra canunt,

    sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

    sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

    neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

    sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

    128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

    id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    (Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

    Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

    sacra Jovi facturus erat,

    Ov. M. 3, 26:

    sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

    Verg. A. 4, 638:

    ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

    Liv. 1, 20:

    densi circumstant sacra ministri,

    Ov. M. 2, 717:

    arcana sacra,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

    fera,

    id. ib. 13, 454:

    nefanda,

    id. ib. 10, 228:

    mystica,

    id. H. 2, 42:

    horrida,

    Sil. 3, 140:

    veneranda,

    id. 7, 382:

    casta,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 370.
    a.
    Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

    quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

    quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

    id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

    religio sacrorum,

    id. Fl. 28, 69:

    sacra Cereris conficere,

    id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

    Cereris,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

    Eleusina,

    Suet. Claud. 23:

    Junonis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

    Orphica,

    rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

    Bacchia,

    Ov. M. 3, 518:

    trieterica Bacchi,

    id. ib. 6, 587:

    Dianae,

    id. ib. 7, 94;

    15, 489: Isidis,

    Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—
    b.
    The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

    sacra privata perpetua manento,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

    an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

    Liv. 5, 52:

    ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

    id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

    magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

    ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

    Liv. 4,2:

    sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

    sacrorum alienatio,

    id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

    sacrum familiare,

    Macr. S. 1, 16:

    nuptialia,

    marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

    called also jugalia,

    Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—
    c.
    Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

    mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    vatum,

    Pers. prol. 7:

    Maronis,

    Mart. 7, 63, 5. —
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

    inter sacrum et saxum positus,

    App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —
    b.
    Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

    sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

    Ov. M. 7, 709:

    peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

    Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

    omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

    id. 5, 13, 60):

    litterarum colere,

    id. 10, 1, 92:

    studiorum profanare,

    Tac. Or. 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sacer

См. также в других словарях:

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  • URSUS — I. URSUS Consul an. Urb. cond. 1000. II. URSUS Pileatus, Sex. Ruf. locus Romae, apud Portam Esquelinam. Ubis aedes S. Bibianoe virgin. Hinc S. Bibtana dicitur. III. URSUS quasi orsus Isidoro, ut vidums; Barthio potius a viurgente et pettinaci… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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  • ARA — I. ARA Tria fuerunt Veterum in sacrificiis loca, per quae expiationem faciebant, Scrobiculus, quô Inferis: Ara, quâ terrestribus, et Altare seu Focus, quô Caelestibus factum est. Hinc Vir eruditus ad Iustinum l. 11. c. 5. Altare quid augustius et …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • PHILOSOPHIA — I. PHILOSOPHIA Pythagorae γνῶσις τῶ ὄντων ᾗ ὄντα ἐςτὶν. Cognitio entium qua entiasunt: Platoni μελέτη θανάτου, Meditatio mortis: Aristoteli τείχνη τεχνῶν καὶ ἐπιςτήμη ἐπιςτημῶν, Ars artium et scientia scientiarum: Mich. Psello Cognitio omnium… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • TAURUS — I. TAURUS Caesaris Augusti praefectus, totam pene Siciliam, ferrô perterritam, in fidem recepit. 44. legiones sub unius tunc imperio Augusti erant. Hinc milites, multitudine ferociores, quosdam pro ambiendis agris tumultus excitaverunt, sed… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • BRITANNI Primi — seu Brittones, ut ait Beda in c. 1. l. 1. de tractu Armoricano, in Britanntam insulam advecti, austr ales sibi partes eius vindicârunt, et suâ linguâ usi sunt. Multo ante Bedam tradidie Caesar in libro 5. c. 12. Bretanniae maritimam partem ab his …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • ROMA — I. ROMA Latii in Italia urbs, de cuius origine et conditore diversa legimus apud auctores. Receptissima opinio est, a Romulo et Remo fratribus conditam fuisse, unde et nomen acceperit, an. primô septimae Olympiadis, teste Dionysiô Halicarnasseô,… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • VENATIO — Polluci, l. 5. ἐπιτήδευμα ἡρωικὸν καὶ βασιλικὸν καὶ πρὸς εὐσωματίαν ἅμα καὶ εὐψυχίαν ἀοκεῖ, καί ἐςτιν εἰρηνικῆς τε καρτερίας ἅμα καὶ πολεμικῆς τόλμης μελέτημα πρὸς ἀνδρείαν φέρον: Xenophonti, Cyrop. l. 1. Α᾿ληθεςτάτη τῶ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον μελέτη,… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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